| 1. |
- Verwey, N A, et al.
(författare)
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A worldwide multicentre comparison of assays for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of clinical biochemistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0004-5632 .- 1758-1001. ; 46:Pt 3, s. 235-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)), total Tau (Tau) and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau) levels are reported, but currently there is a lack of quality control programmes. The aim of this study was to compare the measurements of these CSF biomarkers, between and within centres. METHODS: Three CSF-pool samples were distributed to 13 laboratories in 2004 and the same samples were again distributed to 18 laboratories in 2008. In 2004 six laboratories measured Abeta(1-42), Tau and P-Tau and seven laboratories measured one or two of these marker(s) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In 2008, 12 laboratories measured all three markers, three laboratories measured one or two marker(s) by ELISAs and three laboratories measured the markers by Luminex. RESULTS: In 2004, the ELISA intercentre coefficients of variance (interCV) were 31%, 21% and 13% for Abeta(1-42), Tau and P-Tau, respectively. These were 37%, 16% and 15%, respectively, in 2008. When we restricted the analysis to the Innotest (N = 13) for Abeta(1-42), lower interCV were calculated (22%). The centres that participated in both years (N = 9) showed interCVs of 21%, 15% and 9% and intra-centre coefficients (intraCV) of variance of 25%,18% and 7% in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: The highest variability was found for Abeta(1-42). The variabilities for Tau and P-Tau were lower in both years. The centres that participated in both years showed a high intraCV comparable to their interCV, indicating that there is not only a high variation between but also within centres. Besides a uniform standardization of (pre)analytical procedures, the same assay should be used to decrease the inter/intracentre variation.
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| 2. |
- Garpe, Kajsa C., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of the 1998 coral bleaching event on reef fish assemblages
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 315, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coral bleaching events constitute compound disturbances often resulting in coral death as well as successive degradation of the reef framework. The 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was the most severe on record and affected coral reefs worldwide. The present study examined the response of fish assemblages in plots of transplanted coral before and after the 1998 bleaching. Multidimensional scaling ordinations (MDS) demonstrate significant changes in assemblage composition related to habitat alteration. Within-site variability increased with disturbance, the increase being most apparent following substrate erosion. The differences in long-term responses as opposed to short-term responses were striking. Six mo after coral death, total abundance as well as taxonomic richness had increased at one of the sites, but not the other, whereas 6 yr later, both measures had decreased significantly at both sites. Functional groups, with documented affiliations with coral, were significantly influenced by the habitat alteration. Herbivore abundance increased as an immediate response to bleaching, but was subsequently decimated in eroded habitat. The loss of structural complexity had major detrimental effects on the entire fish community. In conclusion, we present evidence of severe and long-lasting secondary impacts of a catastrophic bleaching event, with no apparent recovery. The discrepancies between short-term and long-term responses underline the importance of long-term monitoring of fish assemblages following habitat alteration.
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| 3. |
- McClanahan, Tim R., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in northern Tanzania coral reefs during a period of increased fisheries management and climatic disturbance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aquatic conservation. - : Wiley. - 1052-7613 .- 1099-0755. ; 19:7, s. 758-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Surveys of coral reefs in northern Tanzania were conducted in 2004/5 with the aim of comparing them over an∼8-year period during a time of increased efforts at fisheries management and the 1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) coral mortality event that caused 45% mortality in northern Tanzania and much of the Indian Ocean. 2. Changes associated with both management, its absence, and the ENSO were found but changes were generally small and ecological measures indicated stability or improvements over this period, particularly when compared with reports from much of the northern Indian Ocean. 3. Fisheries management in two areas increased the biomass of fish and benthic communities. A small fisheries closure (0.3 km2) displayed little change in the coral community but ecological conditions declined as measured by sea urchins and fish abundances. This change may be associated with its small size because similar changes were not measured in the large closure (28 km2). 4. The few sites without any increased management were still degraded and one site had experienced a population explosion of a pest sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei. 5. The lack of significant changes across this disturbance indicates that these reefs are moderately resilient to climate change and, therefore, a high priority for future conservation actions.
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