| 1. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Callous-Unemotional Traits Only Versus the Multidimensional Psychopathy Construct as Predictors of Various Antisocial Outcomes During Early Adolescence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 40:1, s. 16-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare callous-unemotional (CU) traits versus the multidimensional psychopathy construct in their ability to predict future and stable antisocial behavior. At baseline, a community sample of 996 Cypriot 12-year old adolescents (52% girls) completed measures that tap conduct problems (CP) and psychopathic traits, including CU. CP, aggression, and substance use were self-reported at 1-3 year follow-ups. Youths were assigned to six mutually exclusive groups based on their baseline levels of CP and psychopathic traits. Youth with CP scoring high on all three psychopathic traits dimensions (Psychopathic Personality + CP) showed the most robust and highest risk for future and stable CP, aggression, and substance use, followed by youth who were high on all three psychopathic traits dimensions but displayed no concurrent CP (Psychopathic Personality Only) and CP youth with low levels of psychopathic traits (CP Only). Youth with CP who merely manifested callous-unemotional traits (Callous-Unemotional + CP) were only at risk for future CP. The findings suggest that the CU traits-based approach for subtyping children with CP is less informative compared to a subtyping approach using various psychopathic traits dimensions in predicting future and stable forms of various antisocial outcomes. These findings and their consistency with prior work indicate the need for additional research to examine the various psychopathic traits dimensions rather than focusing solely on CU traits, especially for CP subtyping purposes.
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| 2. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy in children and adolescents : Assessment and critical questions regarding conceptualization
- 2018. - 2
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Ingår i: Handbook of psychopathy. - New York : Guilford Publications. - 9781462535132 ; , s. 479-508
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to review what is currently known about the conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy in childhood, and to offer perspective on where investigative work in this area can proceed from here using the aforementioned questions as a guide. In the service of this broad goal, the chapter is organized around five specific aims. First, we consider how psychopathy relates to conditions listed in the “Disruptive Behavior Disorders” section of DSM-5, devoting special attention to the diagnosis of conduct disorder with limited prosocial emotions (CD+LPE) as a means to capture child psychopathy. Second, we review findings from developmental studies testing the extent to which psychopathic tendencies can be identified reliably and effectively, in terms of predicting meaningful outcomes, at early ages. Third, to further address the question of how applicable the diagnosis is to youth, we summarize existing evidence regarding the structural properties and criterion-related validity of differing established measures of child/adolescent psychopathy. Fourth, we review etiological theories and relevant research findings, including data from neuroscience. Fifth, we outline directions for future research, with an emphasis on ways to improve investigative approaches and interpretability of findings in this crucial area of study. In this latter section of the chapter, we also address issues such as the need for continuing research directed at clarifying relations between child psychopathy and the childhood diagnoses in the DSM.
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| 3. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Different Approaches for Subtyping Children with Conduct Problems : Callous-Unemotional Traits Only Versus the Multidimensional Psychopathy Construct
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 40:1, s. 6-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare two youth psychopathy models (i.e., callous-unemotional versus multidimensional model) in their ability to predict future and stable conduct problems (CP). At baseline, mothers and fathers of 321 boys and 369 girls (ages 7-12) completed measures that tap callous-unemotional and other psychopathic traits. Parent-reported CP was collected at baseline and at 6- and 12 month follow-ups. Children were assigned to mutually exclusive groups based on their levels of CP and psychopathic traits. Children with CP who manifested callous-unemotional traits (Callous-Unemotional + CP) were occasionally at risk for future and stable CP. Yet, across gender, children with CP scoring high on all psychopathic trait dimensions (Psychopathic Personality + CP) showed the most robust and highest risk for future and stable CP. Also, Callous-Unemotional + CP children, and children who were only high in CP, often were at similar risk for future CP. The findings suggest that the callous-unemotional model is less sufficient than the multidimensional model in predicting future and stable CP. This can be concluded for both boys and girls and calls for more research reconsidering the multidimensional nature of psychopathy for CP subtyping purposes.
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| 4. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy in Detained Boys : The Search for Primary and Secondary Variants in a Clinical Setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Personality Disorders. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2715 .- 1949-2723. ; 9:5, s. 408-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether primary and secondary variants of psychopathy can be identified in an applied, forensic setting based on self-reports of psychopathy and anxiety. Data were available for two samples of detained boys (Sample A: N = 847, Sample B: N = 749). Using three psychopathy dimensions and anxiety as clustering variables, latent profile analysis arrived at 4 latent classes (LCs) that were tentatively labeled as control (LC1), high anxiety (LC2), moderate psychopathy (LC3). and high psychopathy (LC4). Boys in LC4 engaged in higher levels of alcohol/drug use, conduct problems, reactive and proactive aggression than their counterparts in LC1 and in higher levels of conduct problems, alcohol/drug use, and proactive aggression than boys in LC3. Findings further indicated that the risk for future nonviolent arrests was the highest in LC4 as compared with LC2 and LC3, though no class differences in risk for future violent arrests emerged. Overall, these findings were well replicated in Sample B. Exploratory analyses included additional measures of negative affect (depressed feeling and anger-irritability), maltreatment, and/or number of past arrests (as proxy of a 4th psychopathy dimension) as clustering variables and identified all but 1 (LC3) of the 4 aforementioned LCs. Notwithstanding that our findings challenge the expected relevance of differentiating primary and secondary variants of youth psychopathy, they do suggest that it is possible to identify detained boys with high levels of psychopathic traits who display features associated with adult psychopathy. Implications for theory. research, and practice are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Salekin, Randall T., et al.
(författare)
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Are Callous Unemotional (CU) Traits Enough?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 40:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A guiding question for this special section, sparked by the increasing number of studies on callous -unemotional traits (CU traits) and the DSM-5 Limited Prosocial Emotion (LPE) specifier, is whether CU traits are enough to identify a clinically meaningful subgroup of youth with conduct problems or whether other psychopathic traits contribute. Seven empirical papers and two commentary papers address this question to varying degrees and in different ways with some papers "competing" various models against one another along with other papers investigating distinct correlates of the psychopathy factors. Findings across the papers suggest that there could be benefits to examining the broader construct of psychopathy in addition to examining its underpinning dimensions rather than CU traits alone. Two commentary papers also shed light on the importance of psychopathic traits in children with Conduct Disorder (CD) and provide insights for future work on this topic. It is hoped that the articles and commentary will generate new ideas for research and practice that could have implications for the treatment of those individuals with CD and psychopathic traits.
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| 6. |
- Somma, Antonella, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic Personality Traits in Relation to Self-report Delinquency in Adolescence : Should We Mind About Interaction Effects?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 40:1, s. 69-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate if interaction effects among Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) Grandiose-Manipulative (GM), Callous-Unemotional (CU), and Impulsive-Irresponsible (II) may add significant information in predicting self-reports of juvenile delinquent behavior among adolescents. A sample of 558 Italian high school students were administered the YPI and the Self-Reports of Delinquency Scale (SRDS) in order to evaluate interaction effects among YPI GM, CU, and II dimensions. Results showed a significant effect for a three-way interaction among the three YPI dimensions in predicting the SRDS total score, beta = .19, p < .01. In conclusion, the findings seem to underline that a three-factor model of psychopathy may help clinicians and researchers in predicting self-reported delinquency better than the individual factors.
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