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- Hagman, U, et al.
(författare)
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Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish Multicentre Study 1980-81.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement. - 0300-8843. ; 328, s. 1-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden a multicentre nutritional survey was performed in 1980-81 in four different parts of Sweden. The total number of children investigated was 1109, of whom 92 were two years old, 332 four years, 338 eight years and 347 thirteen years. The 24-hour recall method was used in all children. In addition 7-day record was used in the 2-, 4- and 8-year-olds and the dietary history method in the 13-year-olds. During the weekdays the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old children had 5.9, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.2 meals and snacks per day, respectively. During weekends these respective numbers decreased to 5.7, 5.6, 5.1 and 5.0. The mean number of light meals and snacks was almost the same on all days and varied between 2.4 and 3.3 in the different age groups. The part of the energy intake deriving from snacks has increased during the last 15 years. The mean daily energy intakes for the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old boys and girls were 5.8 and 5.6, 6.9 and 6.5, 8.9 and 7.9 and 12.1 and 9.7 MJ respectively. These values are below the recommendations for all age groups except the 2-year-old boys. The mean daily intakes of protein, retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and calcium were almost invariably higher or much higher than the recommendations, while those of vitamin D and zinc were below the recommended values. The iron intake fulfilled the recommendations except for the 2-year-olds and the 13-year-old girls. The intake of protein and fat expressed in per cent of the total energy intake was very similar in all age groups, about 14 per cent and 35-37 per cent respectively. The mean ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was also the same in all age groups, i.e. 0.22-0.23. This low ratio is explained by a high consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, the nutrient density of the food did not change appreciably with age. The only exception was found for the 2-year-old children, who had slightly higher nutrient density values on account of a relatively high consumption of fortified follow-up formula. In all age groups the mean nutrient densities of vitamins D and B6 and of iron were below the recommendations to varying degrees. No clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency included, were found in any age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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| 2. |
- Persson, L A, et al.
(författare)
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Infant feeding and dental caries--a longitudinal study of Swedish children.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 9:5, s. 201-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare dietary habits in children at the age of 12 months with the caries status at the age of 3. In 312 children, residing in 3 different parts of Sweden, a dietary study was carried out at 12 mo. of age, and in 275 (88%) a caries examination was performed at the age of 3. At 12 months of age, higher education of the mother was positively correlated with consumption of bread, vegetables, fruit and meat and negatively with frequency of sucrose-rich foods. At the age of 3, caries was diagnosed in 16% of the children. The prevalence of cavities was related to the level of education of the mother in all 3 areas, cavities being most numerous in children whose mother had received a shorter education. A discriminant analysis showed that the equation discriminating the two a priori defined groups, one with and one without caries at the age of 3, contained a number of sucrose-rich foods. The 3-year-old children with caries had generally consumed cakes, butter, bread and sweet soups more frequently at the age of 12 months than the children in the non-caries group. The analysis thus indicated that - on the group level at least - a dietary pattern, which may be casually linked with future dental caries development, was already established at the age of 12 months. Dietary counselling, when the child is 12-18 mo. of age and based upon information about the dietary habits of the child could thus be of value to prevent caries in the preschool child.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Holm, A K, et al.
(författare)
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[Dietary formulas for adults].
- 1983
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Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 75:8, s. 442-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Persson, L A, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of weaned infants in a Swedish community.
- 1984
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Ingår i: Human nutrition. Applied nutrition. - 0263-8495. ; 38:4, s. 247-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy and nutrient intake of 6 and 12-month-old weaned Swedish infants was studied by means of 24-h recalls. Milk-cereal follow-up formulas played a dominating role in the diet, contributing 57 per cent of the total energy intake at 6 months and 26 per cent at 12 months. The ratio between the macronutrients was characterized by a high-protein and low-fat intake; 16-17 per cent of energy derived from protein and 29-33 per cent from fat at 6 and 12 months respectively. The protein intake was also high in absolute figures: 3.3 g per kg body-weight at 6 months and 4.2 g per kg at 12 months. The mean daily energy intake for these normally growing infants was 75 per cent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) at 6 months, and the need for a revision of the energy allowances in infancy is discussed. The estimated daily intake of iron was equal to the RDA at 6 months and 80 per cent of the allowance at 12 months. The daily intake of vitamin D exceeded the RDA to such a degree, that the present level of vitamin D supplementation through oral drops is questioned.
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| 9. |
- Persson, L A, et al.
(författare)
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From breastmilk to family food. Infant feeding in three Swedish communities.
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 73:5, s. 685-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The feeding habits of 312 Swedish infants have been followed longitudinally from birth to one year of age. The duration of breastfeeding had increased in comparison with the low figures in the beginning of the 1970s. Complementary foods were usually introduced from three months of age. At the age of 6 months all infants received complementary foods such as semi-solids and solids and about 90% were given follow-up formula. Parents belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were more prone to act in accordance with general feeding recommendations, e.g. regarding breastfeeding duration, time of introduction of complementary foods and gluten-containing foods and the use of sucrose-rich foods.
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| 10. |
- Persson, L A, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition and health in Swedish children 1930-1980. Three nutrition surveys in a northern Swedish county.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 78:6, s. 865-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1930 a nutrition survey was made of 1675 school children in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. In 1967 a second survey was carried out in the same area, covering 1411 children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. A third survey was carried out in 1980 of 572 children in the same age groups. In the first survey questionnaires concerning food consumption were used, in the two later surveys 24-hour recall of food intake was recorded. Underweight and iron deficiency anaemia were prevalent in 1930. Since then socio-economic conditions have improved dramatically and dietary habits have become more diversified. In the last study the average energy intake had decreased from 100 to 87% of the RDA. A slight increase in the prevalence of overweight among 13-year-old children was also noted. The fat intake was lower in 1980 than in 1967, but the P/S-ratio was still low (0.23). The iron intake reached a satisfactory level in the two later studies and no case of iron-deficiency anaemia was found in 1980. In spite of a relatively frequent sucrose intake dental health had improved as a consequence of other prophylactic activities. The malnutrition problems of 1930 have been eradicated but new nutritional problems, linked to the risk of developing obesity and health problems in adulthood such as coronary heart disease, call for new preventive strategies.
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