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- Fogelberg, Hans, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding reflexive systems of innovation: An analysis of Swedish nanotechnology discourse and organisation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 20:1, s. 65-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We seek to understand how nanotechnology can contribute to the development of a more sustainable society in general, and to investigate Swedish nanotechnology in particular. On the one hand, the research interest is on how nanoscience can be turned into used products, that is, innovation. On the other hand, we acknowledge that innovation itself is the main producer of risk in modern societies. Inspired by sociology and economics of innovation, we try to capture this by introducing the term 'reflexive system of innovation' to denote a system made up of heterogenous elements, such as discursive components (expressions of knowledge and normative and regulative stands) and organizational components (actors and knowledge), evolving in a non-linear way through external influences as well as self re-enforcing and self-regulating processes. We present the evolution of a Swedish nanotechnology system from the 1980s to the present, as it moves through phases characterized by different kinds of discourse and organization. Evaluating the Swedish case against the concept of a reflexive system of innovation, we find advanced academic knowledge production but a lack of interconnectivity between actors, few actors outside the research community entering the system and a weak function of anticipation, guidance and risk handling. Broad national nanotechnology initiatives (NNIs) may be important for the crystallization of the desired processes, but because neither innovation nor risk can be fully contained, an NNI may only be part of the input to a fully fledged reflexive system of innovation in nanotechnology.
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- Sandén, Björn, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoteknik i våra hem
- 2008
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning. ; 2008:3, s. 24-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Sandén, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring Kinetics of Highly Environment Sensitive States of Fluorescent Molecules by Modulated Excitation and Time-Averaged Fluorescence Intensity Recording
- 2007
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 79:9, s. 3330-3341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a concept is described for how the kinetics of photoinduced, transient, long-lived, nonfluorescent or weakly fluorescent states of fluorophore marker molecules can be extracted from the time-averaged fluorescence by using time-modulated excitation. The concept exploits the characteristic variation of the population of these states with the modulation parameters of the excitation and thereby circumvents the need for time resolution in the fluorescence detection. It combines the single-molecule sensitivity of fluorescence detection with the remarkable environmental responsiveness obtainable from long-lived transient states, yet does not in itself impose any constraints on the concentration or the fluorescence brightness of the sample molecules that can be measured. Modulation of the excitation can be performed by variation of the intensity of a stationary excitation beam in time or by repeated translations of a CW excitation beam with respect to the sample. As a first experimental verification of the approach, we have shown how the triplet-state parameters of the fluorophore rhodamine 6G in different aqueous enviroments can be extracted. We demonstrate that the concept is fully compatible with low time-resolution detection by a CCD camera. The concept opens for automated transient-state monitoring or imaging on a massively parallel scale and for high-throughput biomolecular screening as well as for more fundamental biomolecular studies. The concept should also be applicable to the monitoring of a range of other photoinduced nonfluorescent or weakly fluorescent transient states, from which subtle changes in the immediate microenvironment of the fluorophore marker molecules can be detected
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