| 1. |
- Darenberg, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular and clinical characteristics of invasive group A streptococcal infection in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591 .- 1058-4838. ; 45:4, s. 8-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The incidence and severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection demonstrate great variability over time, which at least, in part, seems to be related to group A streptococcal type distribution among the human population. Methods. An enhanced surveillance study of invasive group A streptococcal infection (746 isolates) was performed in Sweden from April 2002 through December 2004. Noninvasive isolates from either the throat or skin (773 isolates) were collected in parallel for comparison. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from 88% of patients with invasive disease and were related to isolate characteristics, including T type, emm sequence type, and the presence of 9 superantigen genes, as well as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern comparisons of selected isolates. Results. The annual incidence was 3.0 cases per 100,000 population. Among the patients with invasive disease, 11% developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and 9.5% developed necrotizing fasciitis. The overall case-fatality rate was 14.5%, and 39% of the patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome died (P < .001). The T3/13/B3264 cluster accounted for 33% of invasive and 25% of noninvasive isolates. Among this most prevalent type cluster, emm types 89 and 81 dominated. Combined results from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, emm typing, and superantigen gene profiling identified subgroups within specific emm types that are significantly more prone to cause invasive disease than were other isolates of the same type. Conclusions. This study revealed a changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infection in Sweden, with emergence of new emm types that were previously not described. The results also suggest that some clones may be particularly prone to cause invasive disease.
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| 2. |
- Passoth, Volkmar, et al.
(författare)
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Airtight storage of moist wheat grain improves bioethanol yields
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Drying is currently the most frequently used conservation method for cereal grain, which in temperate climates consumes a major part of process energy. Airtight storage of moist feed grain using the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala as biopreservation agent can substantially reduce the process energy for grain storage. In this study we tested the potential of moist stored grain for bioethanol production.Results: The ethanol yield from moist wheat was enhanced by 14% compared with the control obtained from traditionally (dry) stored grain. This enhancement was observed independently of whether or not P. anomala was added to the storage system, indicating that P. anomala does not impair ethanol fermentation. Starch and sugar analyses showed that during pre-treatment the starch of moist grain was better degraded by amylase treatment than that of the dry grain. Additional pre-treatment with cellulose and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes did not further increase the total ethanol yield. Sugar analysis after this pre-treatment showed an increased release of sugars not fermentable by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Conclusion: The ethanol yield from wheat grain is increased by airtight storage of moist grain, which in addition can save substantial amounts of energy used for drying the grain. This provides a new opportunity to increase the sustainability of bioethanol production.
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| 3. |
- Sandgren, Anna, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipatory Caring
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Grounded Theory Review. - 1556-1542 .- 1556-1550. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, more and more people die in own homes and nursinghomes, which fundamentally affects community nursing. The aimof this study was to develop a grounded theory of palliative homenursing care and we analyzed interviews and data related to thebehavior of community nurses caring for palliative cancerpatients. Doing Good Care emerged as the pattern of behaviorthrough which nurses deal with their main concern, their desireto do good care. The theory Doing Good Care involves threecaring behaviors; anticipatory caring, momentary caring andstagnated caring. In anticipatory caring, which is the optimalcaring behavior, nurses are doing their best or even better thannecessary, in momentary caring nurses are doing bestmomentarily and in stagnated caring nurses are doing good butfrom the perspective of what is expected of them. When nursesfail in doing good, they experience a feeling of letting the patientdown, which can lead to frustration and feelings of powerlessness.Depending on the circumstances, nurses can hover between thethree different caring behaviors. We suggest that healthcareproviders increase the status of palliative care and facilitate fornurses to give anticipatory care by providing adequate resourcesand recognition.
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| 4. |
- Sandgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Doing good care" - a study of palliative home nursing care
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 2, s. 227-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, more and more people die in own homes and nursing homes, which fundamentally affects community nursing. The aim of this study was to develop a classic grounded theory of palliative home nursing care and we analysed interviews and data related to the behavior of community nurses caring for palliative cancer patients. Doing Good Care emerged as the pattern of behavior through which nurses deal with their main concern, their desire to do good. The theory Doing Good Care involves three caring behaviors; Anticipatory caring, Momentary caring and Stagnated caring. In Anticipatory caring, which is the optimal caring behavior, nurses are doing their best or even better than necessary, in Momentary caring nurses are doing best momentarily and in Stagnated caring nurses are doing good but from the perspective of what is expected of them. When nurses fail in doing good, they experience a feeling of letting the patient down, which can lead to frustration and feelings of powerlessness. Depending on the circumstances, nurses can hover between the three different caring behaviors. We suggest that healthcare providers increase the status of palliative care and facilitate for nurses to give Anticipatory care by providing adequate resources and recognition.
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| 5. |
- Sandgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Striving for emotional survival in palliative cancer nursing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 16:1, s. 79-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this grounded theory study, the authors analyze interviews and participant observation data related to palliative cancer nursing in hospitals. Striving for Emotional Survival emerged as the pattern of behavior through which nurses deal with their main concern, the risk of being emotionally overloaded by their work. It involved three main strategies: Emotional Shielding through Professional Shielding or Cold Shielding; Emotional Processing through Chatting, Confirmation Seeking, Self-Reflecting, or Ruminating; and Emotional Postponing through Storing or Stashing. Emotional Competence is a property of Striving for Emotional Survival that explains more or less adequate ways of dealing with emotional overload. The theory Striving for Emotional Survival can be useful in the nurses' daily work and provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how nurses deal with emotional difficulties. The authors suggest that health care organizations encourage self-care, prioritize time to talk, and offer counseling to nursing staff with emotionally difficult working conditions.
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| 6. |
- Vasur, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray crystallographic native sulfur SAD structure determination of laminarinase Lam16A from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D. - 0907-4449 .- 1399-0047. ; 62:11, s. 1422-1429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laminarinase Lam16A from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris, crystallized and the structure was solved at 1.34 A resolution using native sulfur SAD X-ray crystallography. It is the first structure of a non-specific 1,3(4)-beta-D-glucanase from glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16). P. chrysosporium is a wood-degrading basidiomycete fungus and Lam16A is the predominant extracellular protein expressed when laminarin is used as the sole carbon source. The protein folds into a curved beta-sandwich homologous to those of other known GH16 enzyme structures (especially kappa-carrageenase from Pseudo-alteromonas carrageenovora and beta-agarase from Zobelia galactanivorans). A notable likeness is also evident with the related glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) enzymes. A mammalian lectin, p58/ERGIC, as well as polysaccharide lyase (PL7) enzymes also showed significant similarity to Lam16A. The enzyme has two potential N-glycosylation sites. One such site, at Asn43, displayed a branched heptasaccharide sufficiently stabilized to be interpreted from the X-ray diffraction data. The other N-glycosylation motif was found close to the catalytic centre and is evidently not glycosylated.
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