| 1. |
- Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
‘Cornwallism’ and Arguments against Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Values. - : The White Horse Press. - 0963-2719 .- 1752-7015. ; 29:6, s. 691-711
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opposition against greenhouse gas emissions reductions is strong among some conservative Christian groups, especially in the United States. In this paper, we identify five scripture-based arguments against greenhouse gas mitigation put forward by a core group of Christian conservatives (‘the Cornwallists’): the anti-paganism argument, the enrichment argument, the omnipotence argument, the lack of moral relevance argument, and the cost-benefit argument. We evaluate to what extent the arguments express positions that can be characterized as climate science denialist and to what degree they are consistent with support for climate adaptation. Using Stefan Rahmstorf’s (2004) taxonomy of climate science denial, we conclude that the Cornwallists could be labelled climate change deniers. However, their opposition is not only based on denial of climate sciencebut often rests on premises that render the science irrelevant, a position we term`relevance denialism Cornwallists could be labelled climate change deniers. However, their opposition is not only based on denial of climate science but often rests on premises that render the science irrelevant, a position we term ‘relevance denialism`´
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Lehrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Framtidens mat: om husdjursavel och växtförädling
- 2020
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Domesticeringen av växter och djur är en lång och ständigt pågående process som har format, inte bara de domesticerade arterna och landskapet, utan även människorna. Till exempel har utvecklingen av vårt immunförsvar påverkats mycket av den nära kontakt som funnits mellan människor och tamdjur. Förändringarna hos de domesticerade djuren har varit dramatiska, från den vilda djungelhönan som får två kullar med totalt 20 kycklingar per år, till dagens värphönor som producerar mer än 300 ägg per år. Och på hundra år har den genomsnittliga veteskörden ökat från 2 till 6 ton per hektar i många europeiska länder. Även om en del av denna ökning beror på odlingsmetoder, gödning och bekämpningsmedel, har den genetiska förändringen en stor del i framstegen. Genom ökad kunskap om evolution, förståelse för ärftlighet och upptäckten av kromosomer och gener har vi gått från ett omedvetet urval till avancerade förädlings- och avelsprogram. Vår ständigt ökande kunskap om mekanismerna som styr olika egenskaper kan användas för att skräddarsy vår mat. Tack vare dessa förädlingsoch avelsprogram har vi nu tillgång till friskare djur och grödor och producerar mjölk, kött och spannmål i nivåer som våra förfäder bara kunde drömma om. Med den här boken vill vi ge en översikt över de metoder och tekniker som används i arbetet med att utveckla husdjur och växter. Vi beskriver också lagstiftningen och diskuterar etiska aspekter kring användningen av genteknik i växtförädling och djuravel. Denna bok är publicerad inom forskningsprogrammet Mistra Biotech vilket finansieras av Stiftelsen för miljöstrategisk forskning (Mistra) och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU). Denna andra utgåva är en förkortad version av utgåvan som publicerades 2014. Ett stort tack till Inger Åhman och Marie Nyman för synpunkter under arbetets gång och Karin Eriksson för ovärderlig hjälp med textbearbetningen.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lehrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Shaping our food: an overview of crop and livestock breeding
- 2020
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The domestication of plants and animals is a long and on-going process that has shaped not only the domesticated species and the landscape, but also the humans who have domesticated them. For example, the evolution of our immune system has been strongly influenced by the close contact between humans and domestic animals. The changes in domesticated species have been dramatic, from the wild red junglefowl hen raising two clutches of 10 chicks per year, to today’s laying hen producing more than 300 eggs per year. In one hundred years the average wheat yield has increased from two tonnes per hectare to six tonnes per hectare in many European countries. Although part of this increase is due to management techniques, fertilizers, and pesticides, the genetic component of such progress has been substantial.With an increased knowledge of evolution, the understanding of heredity, and the discovery of chromosomes and genes, we have gone from unintentional selection to advanced breeding programmes. Our ever-increasing knowledge of the mechanisms behind different traits can be used to customize the sources of our food. Thanks to these breeding programmes, we now have access to healthier livestock and crops, and are producing milk, meat, and grain at levels our ancestors could only have dreamed of. With this book we wish to provide an overview of the methods and techniques used in the domestication and development of new agricultural crop varieties and breeds of livestock. We also describe the legislation and discusses different ethical views on the use of biotechnology in crop and animal breeding.This book is published within the Mistra Biotech research programme, financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (Mistra) and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). This second edition is a shortened version of the previous edition. We are grateful to Inger Åhman and Marie Nyman for helpful comments on the manuscript.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mickwitz, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
A theory-based approach to evaluations intended to inform transitions toward sustainability
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Evaluation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1356-3890 .- 1461-7153. ; 27:3, s. 281-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need for radical transformations of unsustainable socio-technical systems, such as food, mobility, and housing. These transformations will not take place without new policies and research. In order to achieve these transitions, learning must be a central feature based on thorough evaluations of the actions taken. Evaluations have been conducted and studied for decades, but traditional evaluation approaches have largely been developed to produce knowledge for incremental changes, not for radical transformations. This article develops a framework for interdisciplinary evaluations targeting transformative changes toward a more sustainable society. The framework combines evaluation theory and practice with transition theory, sociology of science, policy analyses, and environmental psychology. While the primary purpose of the framework is to help design evaluations that would better enhance learning for transitions, it can also be used for systematic meta-evaluations of past evaluations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Neij, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Bolstering a transition for a more sustainable energy system : A transformative approach to evaluations of energy efficiency in buildings
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A transition to a more sustainable energy system is called for, and to realise such a transition governments around the world have introduced various research programmes and policy instruments. In this paper, we elaborate on how the transition of the energy system could be reinforced through evaluation of research programmes and policy instruments, focusing on energy efficiency in buildings. We argue that a transition will require transformative evaluations that provide necessary learning from actions taken, and we propose an evaluation approach that complements, and goes beyond, the evaluation practice of today; an approach framed in line with the transition literature as well with evaluation research. We present a conceptual review of research literature, and apply the conceptual findings of this review to assess current evaluations of research programmes and policy instruments, focusing on energy efficiency in buildings in Sweden. The results show that the weakness of current evaluation practice is the fragmented approach to, and limited scope of, evaluations, which does not support transformative change. Despite this, there is potential for modification of the current evaluation approach to better capture transformative change by, for example, strengthening coordination between evaluations, providing better vision documents for the envisioned transition, and by providing better evaluations of innovative efforts by evaluating the outcome and learning in relation to upscaling processes. Moreover, the use of key evaluation concepts for supporting knowledge-based learning, such as the use of multiple methods, multiple criteria, and counterfactual analysis, can be further extended and improved to cater for transformative knowledge.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Sandin, Per
(författare)
-
Modern Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Ethics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
- Sandin, Per
(författare)
-
New narratives of genetic engineering
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I illustrate how some prevalent narratives of genetic engineering are being challenged by counter-narratives, delivered by discussants who are positive to these technologies. The examples come in the form an examination of Ronald and Adamchak’s book Tomorrow’s Table and researcher Stefan Jansson’s ‘trolling’ of the EU system for GM plants, where he cooked what he claimed to be the world’s first CRISPR meal in international media. I argue secondly that such narratives on genetic engineering can play a role in teaching and policymaking, and give tentative examples of how this can be implemented.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Principlism and citizen science: the possibilities and limitations of principlism for guiding responsible citizen science conduct
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Research Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-0161 .- 2047-6094. ; 18, s. 304-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen science (CS) has been presented as a novel form of research relevant for social concerns and global challenges. CS transforms the roles of participants to being actively involved at various stages of research processes, CS projects are dynamic, and pluralism arises when many non-professional researchers take an active involvement in research. Some argue that these elements all make existing research ethical principles and regulations ill-suited for guiding responsible CS conduct. However, while many have sought to highlight such challenges from CS, few have discussed principles per se providing the foundation for regulations. In this article we will investigate the possibilities of midlevel principlism in guiding responsible CS conduct. Principlism has the potential of accommodating many of the concerns taken to reduce the relevance of existing principles.
|
|
