| 1. |
- Olin, Anna-Carin, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air after experimental ozone exposure in humans.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Respiratory medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 95:6, s. 491-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that ozone, a common air pollutant, potent in producing airway inflammation, would increase the production of exhaled nitric oxide (NO). If so, measurement of exhaled NO could potentially be a valuable tool in population studies of air pollution effects. Eleven healthy non-smoking volunteers were exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone (O3) and filtered air for 2h on two separate occasions. Exhaled NO and nasal NO were measured before and on five occasions following the exposures. Changes in exhaled and nasal NO after ozone exposure were adjusted for changes after air exposure. There was a slight decrease in exhaled NO (-0.6; -3.1-1.2 ppb) (median and 95% confidence interval) and of nasal NO (-57; -173-75 ppb) directly after the ozone exposure. No significant changes in exhaled or nasal NO were however found 6 or 24 h after the exposure. Within the examined group, an O3 exposure level proven to induce an airway inflammation caused no significant changes in exhaled or nasal NO levels. Hence, the current study did not yield support for exhaled NO as a useful marker of ozone-induced oxidative stress and airway inflammation after a single exposure. This contrasts with data for workers exposed to repeated high peaks of ozone. The potential for exhaled NO as a marker of oxidative stress therefore deserves to be further elucidated.
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| 2. |
- Bjuremark, Anna, 1950-
(författare)
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Att styra i namn av akademisk kollegialitet
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the study can in greater detail be described as makingan analysis of the role of knowledge, as well as the assumptions inscribedin knowledge, in the practices of governing academic subjects liketeachers and researchers. The point of departure is the new concepts of theinteraction between individual freedoms and social norms that emergedrecently in the context of the political governance of higher education(Management). The study also includes genealogical analyses of how thenew forms of governance are related to historical imaginaries of the Academy(past times), and how such historical material is reproduced and operatesin today’s Swedish University settings.The historical material consists of texts regarding the history of theUniversity, public material such as official reports of the State (SOU) andgovernment bills and it also includes reports from a national symposium onthe university in the middle of the 1980’s.The empirical material consists of an impressionistic ethnographic fieldstudy from 10 meetings of the deans’ council in the second part of1998 (Study 1), 27 in depth interviews; 10 interviews with deans (Study 2),11 interviews with the members of the university board and finally 4 interviewswith external informants (Study 3).The theoretical guidelines, along which this research is organised,are based on Michel Foucault´s notion of gouvernmentalité (governmentality),Nikolas Rose’s reflections regarding the emergence of new liberalrationalities of governing (advanced liberalism) and Judith Butler’s poststructuralfeminist perspective. This theoretical framework is used as apoint of departure to study how power and governance operate in thepractices of the deans’ council; how the assumptions and concepts of thedeans are inscribed in those practices where power and governance areexercised; how the deans construct themselves and each other and finallyhow the construction of identities in those practices are related to the forcesof power that operate inside and outside the university setting.The self-governing practices of the deans’ council, that are part ofthe university’s governance policy, are understood by the actors as a movementtowards increased autonomy. A closer scrutiny of those practices,however, reveals that the new management discourse governs the practicesfrom behind, as it were. The activities of the university, it seems, arenow directed towards the aim of realizing the future needs of manpower insociety, preferably within the technological, scientific and medical sector.In order to ensure oneself about efficiency and quality, the previous confidencesystem is replaced by a quality follow-up (quality control) systemwith the starting point in an economic administrative thinking.
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| 3. |
- Letterstål, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative mobilization of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 48:6, s. 560-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This paper reports on a study which aimed to evaluate the effects of structured written preoperative information on patients’ postoperative psychological and physical wellbeing after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Background. The possible benefits of current booklets written by professionals on postoperative psychological and physical wellbeing in patients with AAA are unknown. Previous studies have shown that preoperative information has a favourable effect on both mood state and physical mobilization.Method. Fifty-two patients admitted for elective repair of AAA were selected consecutively and randomized to receive only verbal (control group), or verbal and written information in booklet form (experimental group). The booklet contained procedural and sensory information about the disease and its treatment. Two questionnaires were used to establish whether the booklet had any effect on perceived health, psychological and physical wellbeing postoperatively.Results. The two groups were similar regarding their perceived health but differed significantly regarding psychological wellbeing pre- and postoperatively. Patients in the experimental group were significantly sadder both pre- and postoperatively compared with those in the control group. Both groups were similar in postoperative physical wellbeing.Conclusion. This group of patients often has asymptomatic disease, with a short interval between diagnosis and major surgery. When patients receive an information booklet during this period, this seems to cause more worries than anticipated. Hence, a more supportive educational programme might benefit this patient group, both pre- and postoperatively.
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| 4. |
- Li, Shu Shun, et al.
(författare)
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T lymphocyte expression of thrombospondin-1 and adhesion to extracellular matrix components.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 32:4, s. 1069-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms controlling the formation of pseudopodia and other active cell edges in T lymphocytes are not understood. We show here that T lymphocytes express thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). TSP-1 in T lymphocytes has a high turnover as shown by the fact that brefeldin and monensin rapidly increase while cycloheximide tend to decrease the cellular TSP-1 content. T cell TSP-1 is preferentially stored intracellularly and shows variable cell surface expression. T lymphocyte adhesion to fibronectin and collagen type IV induces TSP-1 expression on the cell surface via a brefeldin sensitive mechanism. A monoclonal antibody to TSP-1 inhibits the flattening and pseudopodia formation of the adherent T cells. Furthermore, the same antibody to TSP-1 also exerts an inhibitory effect on T cell migration in the absence of exogenous TSP-1. These results indicate that endogenous TSP-1 is part of an adhesion-dependent mechanism controlling cytoplasmic spreading and migration in T lymphocytes.
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| 5. |
- Lundqvist, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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8 av 10 barnmorskor gav information om folsyra : de flesta ansåg sig ha otillräckliga kunskaper
- 2004
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 101:15-16, s. 1380-1386
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deficiency of folic acid increases the risk for neural tube defects among newborn children and megaloblastic anaemia in the mother. The aim of this study was to make a survey of how midwives working in maternity health care, family planning guidance, and specialist prenatal care in a Swedish county inform women of childbearing age about folic acid. The questionnaire study showed that 79% of the midwives informed the women about folic acid. Usually, the women received information first when they asked for it and midwifes were less prone to inform young women about folic acid. 87% of the midwives felt that they did not know enough about folic acid. Conclusions: Midwives play an important role in information about the need of folic acid intake for women in childbearing age. Changes in local routines, guidelines and further education of midwifes would subsequently provide information about the importance of folic acid to women in childbearing age.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Lokal förvaltning av stora rovdjur : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur våra gemensamma resurser bäst kan och ska förvaltas är både en komplicerad och ofta konfliktfylld fråga. Det framgår inte minst av debatten kring hur och på vilken nivå våra storarovdjur ska förvaltas. Eftersom rovdjuren vanligtvis lever i glesa populationer, spridda över mycket stora områden, men också är förknippade med såväl ekonomiska som sociala konflikter harden centrala nivån ansetts bäst lämpad att förvalta rovdjuren.Det har bland annat medfört att de som lever nära rovdjuren och riskerar att drabbas av rovdjuren upplever att de har småmöjligheter att påverka politikens och förvaltningens utformning.Det har i sin tur skapat konflikter kring hur och på vilketsätt rovdjuren bäst förvaltas (SOU 1999:146). I en strävan att öka förtroendet för den svenska rovdjurspolitikenoch överbrygga den klyfta mellan centralmakt och lokalnivå eller mellan stad och land som uppstått har riksdagenbeslutat att lokala aktörer på olika sätt ska involveras i förvaltningen.Inom ramen för en sammanhållen rovdjurspolitik harbland annat regionala rovdjursgrupper, sammansatta av olikaberörda intressen, bildats. Den svenska decentraliseringen avrovdjurspolitiken, följer den av FN fastslagna andra Malawi-principensom slår fast att förvaltning av ekosystem ska decentraliserastill lägsta ändamålsenliga nivå (UNEP/CBD/COP/4/inf.9). Att decentralisera förvaltningen av gemensamma resurser,i det här fallet stora rovdjur, är förknippat med en rad specifikaproblem. Förutom att det krävs biologisk kunskap om rovdjuren,är det nödvändigt att reda ut vilka sociala, ekonomiska och kulturellaaspekter som bör beaktas vid förvaltningen. Det är ocksånödvändigt att finna en acceptabel balans mellan decentraliseringoch centralisering av beslutsprocessen. Lokal förvaltningav rovdjur är relativt nytt även internationellt sett. Det är fortfarandetill stora delar okänt vad som egentligen krävs för attlokal förvaltning av rovdjur ska fungera. Det är emellertid möjligtatt vi kan lära något av de försök som redan genomförts. Syfte med den här rapporten är därför dels att sammanställakunskap om lokal eller decentraliserad förvaltning av stora rovdjur, främst utifrån biologiska, socioekonomiska och förvaltningspolitiskaförutsättningar, dels att skapa ett underlag för fortsattforskning inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet FjällMistra.
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| 7. |
- Sandström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Time studies as a tool for (computer science) education research
- 2000
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Ingår i: ACM Australasian computing education conference, Melbourne.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer Science Education Research is often done in a very local setting and findings are difficult to transfer to other institutions. There are however several factors that speak in favor of expanding the research to an international scale, one is the wide spread of use of English and another is that the components taught are similar. Time is an important factor in studying how students learn and a suggestion is made on how to go forward to create a tool for performing time studies. Important issues concerning obtaining high quality data as well as some aspects of what it means to study are addressed.
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| 8. |
- Sandström, K. J. Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Amperometric biosensor for formic acid in air
- 2000
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 70:1–3, s. 182-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of developing a simple, inexpensive and specific personal passive “real-time” air sampler incorporating a biosensor for formic acid was investigated. The sensor is based on the enzymatic reaction between formic acid and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a co-factor and Meldola's blue as mediator. An effective way to immobilise the enzyme, co-factor and Meldola's blue on screen-printed, disposable, electrodes was found to be in a mixture of glycerol and phosphate buffer covered with a gas-permeable membrane. Steady-state current was reached after 4–15 min and the limit of detection was calculated to be below 1 mg/m3. However, the response decreased by 50% after storage at −15°C for 1 day.
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| 9. |
- Sjögren, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-year follow-up study of preformed beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Quintessence International. - 0033-6572. ; 31:1, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of preformed beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine Class I and 30 Class II beta-quartz glass-ceramic insert restorations were placed in 16 patients who were seen regularly by personnel at Umeå University Dental School. The California Dental Association criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years after luting. The occurrence of postoperative sensitivity, the time taken to manufacture each restoration, and certain periodontal conditions were also evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of the restorations were rated satisfactory at the 3-year examination. During the follow-up period, 4 became loose and 7 were fractured or had flaking surfaces. Caries was registered in connection with 1 restoration. Excellent ratings were obtained for marginal integrity, anatomic form, surface, and color in 62%, 84%, 32%, and 44% of the restorations, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of plaque and bleeding on probing in comparison with the controls. The mean overall time for placement was 38 minutes. The estimated survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 59% after 3.5 years. CONCLUSION: The quality of the beta-quartz glass-ceramic restorations in the present study was inferior to that presented in most earlier studies of ceramic or resin composite posterior restorations placed in patients treated at university clinics. Both the technique and the beta-quartz glass-ceramic inserts have to be evaluated in more long-term studies to assess the possibility of their serving as an alternative restorative technique.
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| 10. |
- Tallberg Broman, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Genusperspektiv på förskola, skola och utbildning : Några inlägg från en arbetsgrupp på lärarutbildningen
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Baksidestext: Var står genusperspektiv idag och vilka frågor är högljudda och aktuella? Är genusperspektiv, liksom andra perspektiv, beroende av enstaka entusiaster, och är det en ren tillfällighet om de studerande möter genusperspektiv i utbildningen? Hur ser skolans vardag ut i ett genusperspektiv? Varför är det så angeläget att få fler män till skolan? Hur ser pedagogernas föreställningar om barn och genus ut? Handlar det om självständiga flickor och behövande pojkar? Flickor med förnuft och pojkar med kropp? Hur ser killarna på yrkesprogrammen på sin situation? Hur tänker högstadieflickor och pojkar om NO? Kan genusperspektiv innebära att synliggöra det osynliggjorda? Vad händer med alla ambitioner i detta område när man går från utbildningstid till klassrummet? Detta är några frågor som tas upp i denna rapport. Nio författare, varav två nyblivna lärare och sju lärarutbildare, sammanfattar här några av sina erfarenheter och väcker frågor utifrån genusperspektiv på förskolans och skolans praktik och teori.
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