| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(författare)
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Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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| 6. |
- Georgali, E., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-section measurements of the Dy-156(n, 2n)Dy-155 reaction at neutron energies higher than 17 MeV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 104:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work the cross section of the 156Dy (n, 2n) 155Dy reaction (Eth = 9.51 MeV) was measured at neutron beam energies above 17 MeV: 17.1, 18.1, and 19.0 MeV. The irradiations were performed at the 5.5-MV tandem accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics at N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", where quasimonoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the 3H (d, n) 4He reaction. The cross-section measurements were performed by means of the activation technique relative to the 27Al (n, alpha) 24Na reference reaction. Within the present work the experimental study is framed by theoretical calculations performed via the TALYS code (version 1.95).
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| 7. |
- Aslanidis, Nektarios, et al.
(författare)
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Flight-to-safety and the risk-return trade-off : European evidence
- 2020
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Ingår i: Finance Research Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1544-6123. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates flight-to-safety from stocks to bonds in six European markets. We use quantile regressions to identify flight-to-safety episodes. The conditional risk-return trade-off on the stock markets is negative. Flight-to-safety episodes strengthen the negative trade-off. The effects of flight-to-safety episodes on the trade-off are qualitatively similar for own country flight-to-safety episodes, for flight from own country stock market to the US bond market, and for US flight-to-safety episodes. The strength of the trade-off is strongest for US flight-to-safety episodes. Flight-from-safety has the opposite effect on the trade-off.
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| 8. |
- Georgali, E., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of the 165Ho(n, 2n) reaction : Cross section measurements for the population of the 164Ho ground state and isomeric state from the threshold up to 20 MeV
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 102:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work the 165Ho(n,2n) reaction was studied experimentally and theoretically for the population of the ground state (Jπ=1+) of the 164Ho product nucleus, as well as for the population of its isomeric state (Eex=139.8 keV, Jπ=6−). The cross sections of both the ground and isomeric state channels were measured at energies near the reaction threshold (Eth=8.04 MeV), at 10.1, 10.4, and 10.7 MeV, as well as at energies higher than 17 MeV, at 17.1, 18.1, 19.0, and 19.6 MeV. The adopted method was the activation technique relative to the 197Au(n,2n) 196Au and 27Al(n,α)24Na reference reactions. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams for the near threshold energies were produced via the 2H(d,n)3He reaction, while for the neutron beams above 17 MeV the 3H(d,n)4He reaction was utilized. In both cases the deuteron beams were delivered by the 5.5 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics at N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”. Additional to the experimental study, calculations were performed using the talys code (v. 1.9). The experimental data of the present work along with the previous measurements were compared with the talys results so as to investigate the reproduction of the experimental data for the different level density models of the code.
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| 9. |
- Seitanidou, Maria S, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Graphene-Enabled Electrophoretic Ion Pump Delivery Devices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs) have been investigated as a promising solution for precise local delivery of biological signaling compounds. OEIP miniaturization provides several advantages, ranging from better spatiotemporal control of delivery to reduced invasiveness for implanted devices. One miniaturization route is to develop OEIPs based on polyelectrolyte-filled capillary fibers. These devices can be easily brought into proximity of targeted cells and tissues and could be considered as a starting point for other "iontronic" implants. To date, OEIPs and other such iontronics exhibit a limited electrode capacity as they generally rely on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. While this material is well studied and viable in mixed ion-electron systems, its bulk capacitance is limited by eventual redox reactions. Graphene is an excellent alternative for high-performance electrodes and low-cost solution-processed graphene derivatives are particularly promising, exhibiting high charge mobility and ideal structural properties (lightness, flexibility). Here, the application of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as high-performance driving electrodes for OEIPS is presented. RGO electrodes are characterized and compared with standard PEDOT:PSS (and Ag/AgCl) electrodes. The RGO exhibits greater charge storage capacity and thus increased operational lifetime. The graphene-enabled OEIPs exhibit improved neurotransmitter transport, without imposing limitations to the applied current level.
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