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- Rahlff, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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Heads in the clouds : marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine viruses have thoroughly been studied in seawater, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2 % of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols and rain. Viruses detected in rain and aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses, and a genetically distinct rain virome supports that those viruses could inhabit higher air masses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization and long-range atmospheric dispersal implicate virus-mediated carbon turnover in remote areas, viral dispersal mechanisms relevant to human health, and involvement of viruses in atmospheric processes like ice-nucleation.
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| 2. |
- Rahlff, Janina, et al.
(författare)
-
Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle.
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