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- Cirasuolo, M., et al.
(författare)
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MOONS: the Multi-Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph for the VLT
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. ; 9147, s. 91470-91470
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MOONS (the Multi-Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph) has been selected by ESO as a third-generation instrument for the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The light grasp of the large collecting area offered by the VLT (8.2m diameter), combined with the large multiplex and wavelength coverage (optical to near-IR: 0.8 -1.8 mu m) of MOONS will provide the European astronomical community with a powerful, unique instrument able to pioneer a wide range of Galactic, extragalactic and cosmological studies, and it will provide crucial follow-up for major facilities such as Gaia, VISTA, Euclid and LSST. MOONS has the observational power needed to unveil galaxy formation and evolution over the entire history of the Universe, from stars in our Milky Way, through the redshift desert, and up to the epoch of very first galaxies and reionization of the Universe at redshifts of z > 8-9, just a few million years after the Big Bang. From five years of observations MOONS will provide high-quality spectra for > 3M stars in our Galaxy and the Local Group, and for 1-2M galaxies at z > 1 (for an SDSS-like survey), promising to revolutionize our understanding of the Universe. The baseline design consists of similar to 1000 fibres, deployable over a field-of-view of similar to 500 arcmin(2), the largest patrol field offered by the Nasmyth focus at the VLT. The total wavelength coverage is 0.8 -1.8 mu m with two spectral resolving powers: in the medium-resolution mode (R similar to 4,000-6,000) the entire wavelength range is observed simultaneously, while the high-resolution mode will cover three selected sub-regions simultaneously: one region with R similar to 8,000 near the Ca II triplet to measure stellar radial velocities, and two regions at R similar to 20,000 (one in each of the J- and H-bands), for precision measurements of chemical abundances.
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| 2. |
- Cohen, R., et al.
(författare)
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Role of proximal gut exclusion from food on glucose homeostasis in patients with Type 2 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 30, s. 1482-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To report Type 2 diabetes-related outcomes after the implantation of a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner device and to investigate the role of proximal gut exclusion from food in glucose homeostasis using the model of this device. Methods: Sixteen patients with Type 2 diabetes and BMI <36kg/m2 were evaluated before and 1, 12 and 52weeks after duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation and 26weeks after explantation. Mixed-meal tolerance tests were conducted over a period of 120min and glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured. The Matsuda index and the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance were used for the estimation of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. The insulin secretion rate was calculated using deconvolution of C-peptide levels. Results: Body weight decreased by 1.3kg after 1week and by 2.4kg after 52weeks (P<0.001). One year after duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation, the mean (sem) HbA1c level decreased from 71.3 (2.4) mmol/mol (8.6[0.2]%) to 58.1 (4.4) mmol/mol (7.5 [0.4]%) and mean (sem) fasting glucose levels decreased from 203.3 (13.5) mg/dl to 155.1 (13.1) mg/dl (both P<0.001). Insulin sensitivity improved by >50% as early as 1week after implantation as measured by the Matsuda index and the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (P<0.001), but there was a trend towards deterioration in all the above-mentioned variables 26weeks after explantation. Fasting insulin levels, insulin area under the curve, fasting C-peptide, C-peptide area under the curve, fasting insulin and total insulin secretion rates did not change during the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation period or after explantation. Conclusions: The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner improves glycaemia in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes by rapidly improving insulin sensitivity. A reduction in hepatic glucose output is the most likely explanation for this improvement. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 Diabetes UK.
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