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- Hilliges, M, et al.
(författare)
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ATP responses in human C nociceptors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959. ; 98:1-2, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Rotter Sopasakis, Victoria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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High local concentrations and effects on differentiation implicate interleukin-6 as a paracrine regulator
- 2004
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Ingår i: Obes Res. - 1071-7323. ; 12:3, s. 454-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the possibility that interleukin-6 (IL-6) can act as a paracrine regulator in adipose tissue by examining effects on adipogenic genes and measuring interstitial IL-6 concentrations in situ. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Circulating and interstitial IL-6 concentrations in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue were measured using the calibrated microdialysis technique in 20 healthy male subjects. The effects of adipose cell enlargement on gene expression and IL-6 secretion were examined, as well as the effect of IL-6 in vitro on gene expression of adiponectin and other markers of adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS: The IL-6 concentration in the interstitial fluid was approximately 100-fold higher than that in plasma, suggesting that IL-6 may be a paracrine regulator of adipose tissue. This was further supported by the finding that adding IL-6 in vitro at similar concentrations down-regulated the expression of adiponectin, aP2, and PPARgamma-2 in cultured human adipose tissue. In addition, gene expression and release of IL-6, both in vivo and in vitro, correlated with adipose cell size. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that IL-6 may be a paracrine regulator of adipose tissue. Furthermore, increased adipose tissue production of IL-6 after hypertrophic enlargement of the adipose cells may detrimentally affect systemic insulin action by inducing adipose tissue dysfunction with impaired differentiation of the pre-adipocytes and/or adipocytes and lower adiponectin.
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- Schmelz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Active "itch fibers" in chronic pruritus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 61:4, s. 564-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An itch-specific neuronal pathway was recently discovered in healthy humans and animals. Here the authors report that activity in this specific pathway coincides with itch under pathophysiologic conditions in a patient with chronic pruritus. Microneurographic recordings from the symptomatic area revealed spontaneous activity in six single C-fiber afferents that had the characteristic features of "itch fibers." Itch may be caused by activity in a specific subpopulation of C-fiber afferents.
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- Schmelz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical response pattern of different classes of C-nociceptors to pruritogens and algogens
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - Washington : The American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 89:5, s. 2441-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vasoneuroactive substances were applied through intradermal microdialysis membranes and characterized as itch- or pain-inducing in psychophysical experiments. Histamine always provoked itching and rarely pain, capsaicin always pain but never itching. Prostaglandin E[2] (PGE[2]) led preferentially to moderate itching. Serotonin, acetylcholine, and bradykinin induced pain more often than itching. Subsequently the same substances were used in microneurography experiments to characterize the sensitivity profile of human cutaneous C-nociceptors. The responses of 89 mechanoresponsive (CMH, polymodal nociceptors), 52 mechanoinsensitive, histamine-negative (CMi[H][i][s][-]), and 24 mechanoinsensitive, histamine-positive (CMi[H][i][s][+]) units were compared. CMi[H][i][s][+] units were most responsive to histamine and to PGE[2] and less to serotonin, ACh, bradykinin, and capsaicin. CMH units (polymodal nociceptors) and CMi[H][i][s] units showed significantly weaker responses to histamine, PGE[2], and acetylcholine. Capsaicin and bradykinin responses were not significantly different in the two classes of mechano-insensitive units. We conclude that CMi[H][i][s][+]units are "selective," but not "specific" for pruritogenic substances and that the pruritic potency of a mediator increases with its ability to activate CMi[H][i][s][+] units but decreases with activation of CMH and CMi[H][i][s] units.
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