| 1. |
- Krege, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer: A report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG): Part I
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 53:3, s. 478-496
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The first consensus report presented by the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG) in the year 2004 has found widespread approval by many colleagues throughout the world. In November 2006, the group met a second time under the auspices of the Department of Urology of the Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Methods: Medical oncologists, urological surgeons, radiation oncologists as well as pathologists from several European countries reviewed and discussed the data that had emerged since the 2002 conference, and incorporated the new data into updated and revised guidelines. As for the first meeting, the methodology of evidence-based medicine (EBM) was applied. The results of the discussion were compiled by the writing committee. All participants have agreed to this final update. Results: The first part of the consensus paper describes the clinical presentation of the primary tumor, its treatment, the importance and treatment of testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN), histological classification, staging and prognostic factors, and treatment of stage I seminoma and non-seminoma. Conclusions: Whereas the vast majority of the recommendations made in 2004 remain valid 3 yr later, refinements in the treatment of early- and advanced-stage testicular cancer have emerged from clinical trials. Despite technical improvements, expert clinical skills will continue to be one of the major determinants for the prognosis of patients with germ cell cancer. In addition, the particular needs of testicular cancer survivors have been acknowledged. (C) 2007 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Krege, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer: A report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG): Part II
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 53:3, s. 497-513
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The first consensus report that had been presented by the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG) in 2004 has found widespread approval by many colleagues throughout the world. In November 2006, the group met a second time under the auspices of the Department of Urology of the Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands. Methods: Medical oncologists, urologic surgeons, radiation oncologists as well as pathologists from several European countries reviewed and discussed the data that had emerged since the 2002 conference and incorporated the new data into updated and revised guidelines. As for the first meeting the methodology of evidence-based medicine (EBM) was applied. The results of the discussion were compiled by the writing committee. All participants have agreed to this final update. Results: The second part of the consensus paper includes the treatment of metastasised disease, residual tumour resection, salvage therapy, follow-up, and late toxicities. Conclusions: Whereas the vast majority of the recommendations made in 2004 remain valid 3 yr later, refinements in the treatment of early-stage as well as of advanced-stage testicular cancer have emerged from clinical trials. Despite technical improvements, expert clinical skills will continue to be one of the major determinants for the prognosis of patients with germ cell cancer. in addition, the particular needs of testicular cancer survivors have been acknowledged. (C) 2007 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Murdolo, Giuseppe, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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In situ profiling of adipokines in subcutaneous microdialysates from lean and obese individuals
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 295:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adipose tissue (AT) had emerged as an endocrine organ and a key regulator of the metabolically triggered inflammation. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the usefulness of a multiplexed bioassay in characterizing a panel of adipokines in subcutaneous (sc) microdialysate samples and 2) to determine whether lean and obese individuals differ in their interstitial adipokines levels following microdialysis (MD) probe insertion. Ultrafiltrating MD membranes were inserted in opposite sites of the sc abdominal AT of six lean (L) and six obese (OB) males at the beginning (M1) and during the last 120 min (M2) of the study. Interstitial and serum concentrations of adipokines were quantified using the Luminex technique and ELISA at 60-min intervals for 5 h. In comparison with L subjects, OB subjects exhibited elevated interstitial leptin ( P < 0.001), IL-8 ( P < 0.05), and IL-18 levels ( P = 0.05), as well as higher serum concentrations of leptin ( P < 0.0001), IL-6 ( P < 0.0001), tumor necrosis factor-α ( P < 0.001), IL-8 ( P = 0.01) and interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 ( P < 0.05). In samples from the M1 membranes, leptin decreased and IL-1α, IL-18, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) remained relatively stable, whereas IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 significantly increased after the first hour ( P < 0.0001 vs. baseline). Notably, either the magnitude of increase from the initial values or the time pattern of all the adipokines in M1 and M2 dialysates were similar between the groups. In conclusion, the current work provides valuable information on the optimal time frame to collect in situ AT microdialysate samples. Further studies are needed, however, to unravel the intricate interplay of cytokines in AT interstitial fluid.
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| 4. |
- Namer, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelin1 activates and sensitizes human C-nociceptors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 137:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microneurography was used to record action potentials from afferent C-fibers in cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in healthy volunteers. Afferent fibers were classified according to their mechanical responsiveness to von Frey stimulation (75 g) into mechano-responsive and mechano-insensitive nociceptors. Various concentrations of Endothelin1 (ET1) and Histamine were injected into the receptive fields of C-fibers. Activation and heat sensitization were monitored. Axon reflex flare and psychophysical ratings were assessed after injection of ET1 and codeine into the forearms after pre-treatment with an H1 blocker or sodium chloride. 65% of mechanosensitive nociceptors were activated by ET1. One-third showed long lasting responses (>15 min). In contrast, none of thirteen mechano-insensitive fibers were activated. Sensitization to heat was observed in 62% of mechanosensitive and in 46% of mechano-insensitive fibers. Injection of ET1 produced a widespread axon reflex flare, which was suppressed by pre-treatment with an H1 receptor blocker. In addition, pain sensations were induced more often than itching by ET1 in contrast to codeine. No wheal was observed after injection of ET1. Both itching and pain were decreased after H1 blocker treatment. In summary: (1) In humans ET1 activates mechanosensitive, but not mechano-insensitive, nociceptors. (2) Histamine released from mast cells is not responsible for all effects of ET1 on C-nociceptors. (3) ET1 could have a differential role in pain compared to other chemical algogens which activate additionally or even predominantly mechano-insensitive fibers.
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| 5. |
- Staender, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical classification of itch: a position paper of the international forum for the study of itch
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 87:4, s. 291-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic itch is a common and distressing symptom that arises from a variety of skin conditions and systemic diseases. Despite this, there is no clinically based classification of pruritic diseases to assist in the diagnosis and cost-effective medical care of patients with pruritus. The proposed classification focuses on clinical signs and distinguishes between diseases with and without primary or secondary skin lesions. Three groups of conditions are proposed: pruritus on diseased (inflamed) skin (group I), pruritus on non-diseased (non-inflamed) skin (group II), and pruritus presenting with severe chronic secondary scratch lesions, such as prurigo nodularis (group III). The next part classifies the underlying diseases according to different categories: dermatological diseases, systemic diseases including diseases of pregnancy and drug-induced pruritus, neurological and psychiatric diseases. In some patients more than one cause may account for pruritus (category "mixed") while in others no underlying disease can be identified (category "others"). This is the first version of a clinical classification worked out by the members of the International Forum for the Study of Itch. It is intended to serve as a diagnostic route for better evaluation of patients with chronic pruritus and aims to improve patients' care.
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| 6. |
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