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| 2. |
- Risgaard-Petersen, N., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 443:7107, s. 93-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benthic foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes found abundantly in many types of marine sediments. Many species survive and possibly reproduce in anoxic habitats(1), but sustainable anaerobic metabolism has not been previously described. Here we demonstrate that the foraminifer Globobulimina pseudospinescens accumulates intracellular nitrate stores and that these can be respired to dinitrogen gas. The amounts of nitrate detected are estimated to be sufficient to support respiration for over a month. In a Swedish fjord sediment where G. pseudospinescens is the dominant foraminifer, the intracellular nitrate pool in this species accounted for 20% of the large, cell-bound, nitrate pool present in an oxygen-free zone. Similarly high nitrate concentrations were also detected in foraminifera Nonionella cf. stella and a Stainforthia species, the two dominant benthic taxa occurring within the oxygen minimum zone of the continental shelf off Chile. Given the high abundance of foraminifera in anoxic marine environments(1-3), these new findings suggest that foraminifera may play an important role in global nitrogen cycling and indicate that our understanding of the complexity of the marine nitrogen cycle is far from complete.
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| 4. |
- Kautto, Niina, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of National Biomass Action Plans in Coordinating the National Bioenergy Activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: In Conference Proceedings: 16th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. ; , s. 23-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU has recently put forward an integrated proposal for “Climate Action – Energy for a Changing World”, which includes concrete measures on how to meet the ‘energy and climate change package’ targets of 2020. The challenge is how these targets can be reached, and how bioenergy can meet the expectations given to it. The EU Biomass Action Plan (BAP) emphasises the need for a coordinated approach to biomass policy and encourages Member States to establish national Biomass Action Plans (nBAPs), as they are seen as one of the key actions to boost the bioenergy market. This paper presents the drivers, process and the current state of nBAPs and discusses their definition and scope. Four national BAPs (of Estonia, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK) are compared to yield understanding on the definition and scope of these plans. Two regional biomass action plans are also looked into (Scotland and Central Finland) to provide insight of the regional bioenergy strategy development. It can be concluded that common elements are found in the plans; however a holistic and integrated approach with a long-term view on biomass use is still largely missing.
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| 6. |
- Schmid, F., et al.
(författare)
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In situ tensile testing of human aortas by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 12, s. 727-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collagen diffraction patterns of human aortas under uniaxial tensile test conditions have been investigated by synchrotron small- angle X- ray scattering. Using a recently designed tensile testing device the orientation and d- spacing of the collagen fibers in the adventitial layer have been measured in situ with the macroscopic force and sample stretching under physiological conditions. The results show a direct relation between the orientation and extension of the collagen fibers on the nanoscopic level and the macroscopic stress and strain. This is attributed first to a straightening, second to a reorientation of the collagen fibers, and third to an uptake of the increasing loads by the collagen fibers.
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| 7. |
- Schmid, M, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Ag(111)-p(4x4)-O: No silver oxide
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of the oxygen-induced p(4x4) reconstruction of Ag(111) is determined by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, surface x-ray diffraction, core level spectroscopy, and density functional theory. We demonstrate that all previous models of this surface structure are incorrect and propose a new model which is able to explain all our experimental findings but has no resemblance to bulk silver oxide. We also shed some light on the limitations of current density functional theories and the potential role of van der Waals interactions in the stabilization of oxygen-induced surface reconstructions of noble metals.
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