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- Björkqvist, Maria, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Colonization pattern of coagulase-negative staphylococci in preterm neonates and the relation to bacteremia
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 29:9, s. 1085-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major cause of sepsis in extreme preterm (EPT) newborns, but data on the CoNS colonization in EPT newborns prior to invasive infection are limited. Our aim was to describe the early establishment of the CoNS microflora in EPT newborns and to compare the colonization pattern in neonates with and without positive CoNS blood cultures. From a cohort of 46 EPT neonates, newborns with positive CoNS blood culture were identified (n = 10) and compared with matched controls. Samples for bacterial cultures were obtained repetitively from nares, perineum, and umbilicus. All CoNS isolates were characterized using the PhenePlate system for biochemical fingerprinting. Persistent CoNS strains were found on day 2-3 after delivery in 7/20 newborns, and there was a tendency for earlier colonization in nares than in the perineum or umbilicus. The CoNS blood strains were prevalent in superficial sites prior to positive blood culture (11/14 blood strains), but no single invasive pathway was identified. Most CoNS blood strains (9/14) persisted on superficial sites after antibiotic treatment. We hypothesize that the invasive pathways in neonatal CoNS sepsis are complex and that the colonization of mucosal membranes and umbilical catheters might be of equal importance.
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- Nahmias, André J., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary-developmental perspectives on immune system interactions among the pregnant woman, placenta, and fetus, and responses to sexually transmitted infectious agents
- 2011
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Ingår i: The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex. - Oxford : Blackwell Science. - 9781573318198 ; , s. 25-47
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A balance has evolved over deep time between the various immune systems of the "triad" that is linked together for a short period: the pregnant woman, the fetus, and the placenta. This balance is affected by, and helps to determine, the immune responses to maternal infectious agents that may be transmitted to the fetus/infant transplacentally, intrapartum, or via breast milk. This review identifies newer evolutionary concepts and processes related particularly to the human placenta, innate and adaptive immune systems involved in tolerance, and in responses to sexually transmitted infectious (STI) agents that may be pathogenic to the fetus/infant at different gestational periods and in the first year of life. An evolutionary developmental (EVO-DEVO) perspective has been applied to the complexities within, and among, the different actors and their beneficial or deleterious outcomes. Such a phylogenetic and ontogenic approach has helped to stimulate several basic questions and suggested possible explanations and novel practical interventions.
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