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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 3. |
- Hagiwara, K, et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 66:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review) Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website http //pdg 1b1 gov.
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| 5. |
- Achen, M G, et al.
(författare)
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Monoclonal antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor-D block its interactions with both VEGF receptor-2 and VEGF receptor-3.
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 267:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), the most recently discovered mammalian member of the VEGF family, is an angiogenic protein that activates VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/Flk1/KDR) and VEGFR-3 (Flt4). These receptor tyrosine kinases, localized on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, signal for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-D consists of a central receptor-binding VEGF homology domain (VHD) and N-terminal and C-terminal propeptides that are cleaved from the VHD to generate a mature, bioactive form consisting of dimers of the VHD. Here we report characterization of mAbs raised to the VHD of human VEGF-D in order to generate VEGF-D antagonists. The mAbs bind the fully processed VHD with high affinity and also bind unprocessed VEGF-D. We demonstrate, using bioassays for the binding and cross-linking of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 and biosensor analysis with immobilized receptors, that one of the mAbs, designated VD1, is able to compete potently with mature VEGF-D for binding to both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 for binding to mature VEGF-D. This indicates that the binding epitopes on VEGF-D for these two receptors may be in close proximity. Furthermore, VD1 blocks the mitogenic response of human microvascular endothelial cells to VEGF-D. The anti-(VEGF-D) mAbs raised to the bioactive region of this growth factor will be powerful tools for analysis of the biological functions of VEGF-D.
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| 7. |
- DaSilva, Luiz A., et al.
(författare)
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Network mobility and protocol interoperability in ad hoc networks
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 42:11, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of various network-level functions, including routing, management, and security, is critical to the efficient operation of a mobile ad hoc network. In this article we focus on network mobility (rather than node mobility), implying the movement of entire subnetworks with respect to one another, while individual users initially associated with one such subnetwork may also move to other domains. One example is a battlefield network that includes ships, aircraft, and ground troops. In this "network of networks", subnets (e.g. shipboard networks) may be interconnected via a terrestrial mobile wireless network (e.g., between moving ships). We discuss the design and implementation of a new ad hoc routing protocol, a suite of solutions for policy-based network management, and approaches for key management and deployment of IPsec in a MANET. These solutions, in turn, are integrated with real-time middleware, a secure radio link, and a topology monitoring tool. We briefly describe each component of the solution, and focus on the challenges and approaches to integrating these components into a cohesive system to support network mobility. We evaluate the effectiveness of the system through experiments conducted in a wireless ad hoc testbed.
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| 10. |
- Kruse, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment of renal dopamine 1 receptors requires an intact microtubulin network
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pflügers Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 445:5, s. 534-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal dopamine1 receptor (D1R) can be recruited from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane by D1R agonists and endogenous dopamine. This study examines the role of the cytoskeleton for renal D1R recruitment. The studies were performed in LLCPK-1 cells that have the capacity to form dopamine from L-dopa. In approximately 50% of the cells treated with L-dopa the D1R was found to be translocated from intracellular compartments towards the plasma membrane. Disruption of the microtubulin network by noco-dazole significantly prevented translocation. In contrast, depolymerization of actin had no effect. In control cells D1R colocalized with NBD-C-6-ceramide, a trans-Golgi fluorescent marker. This colocalization was disrupted in L-dopa-treated cells. Tetanus toxin, an inhibitor of exocytosis, prevented L-dopa-induced receptor recruitment. L-Dopa treatment resulted in activation of protein kinase C (PKC). To test the functional effect of D1R recruitment, the capacity of D1R agonists to activate PKC was studied. Activation of D1R significantly translocated PKC-alpha from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane. Disruption of microtubules abolished D1R-mediated - but not phorbol-ester-mediated - translocation of PKC. We conclude that renal D1R recruitment requires an intact microtubulin network and occurs via Golgi-derived vesicles. These newly recruited receptors couple to the PKC signaling pathway.
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