| 1. |
- Jonason, Peter K., et al.
(författare)
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Country-level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of personality. - : Wiley. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 88:6, s. 1252-1267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries.Method: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female;Age(Mean) = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them.Results: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems weremorenarcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism werelargerinmoredeveloped societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries.Conclusions: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.
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| 2. |
- Riddell, Hugh, et al.
(författare)
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Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 52:11, s. 1094-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In three experiments, we examine the role of motives underlying goal pursuit and the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) to predict the strategic use of self-regulation responses (persistence, disengagement, and reengagement) when faced with attainable, unattainable, or multiple goals. We trained half of the participants to use MCII and treated the rest as control. Experiment 1 (N = 261) underscored the role of autonomous motivation in nurturing adaptive cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms, which facilitated persistence and progress with a difficult but attainable goal. In contrast, controlled motives undermined striving by predicting threat appraisals and giving up coping. MCII training ameliorated the negative impact of controlled motivation on goal striving by reducing threat appraisals. In Experiment 2 (N = 391), we manipulated the task to make the initial goal unattainable. Strategic goal striving (disengagement from the unattainable goal followed by reengagement with an alternative goal) was facilitated by MCII and autonomous goal motives, and culminated in increases in positive affect. In Experiment 3 (N = 432), we extended these findings to a multiple-goal setting. The research further develops the literatures on self-regulation and self-determination, while having implications for life domains where individuals pursue multiple and/or difficult goals. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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| 3. |
- Riddell, Hugh, et al.
(författare)
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Goal Motives, Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions, and the Self-Regulation of Saving Goals : A Longitudinal Investigation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Motivation Science. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2333-8113 .- 2333-8121. ; 10:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated how autonomous and controlled motives for saving money contribute longitudinally to self-regulatory coping, goal progress, and psychological need satisfaction/frustration. We also investigated whether mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) facilitates saving through interactions with controlled goal motives. We randomly assigned participants (N = 364) to the MCII or control condition. We assessed self-reported motives, self-regulatory coping, saving goal progress, and need satisfaction/frustration over 6 months. Autonomous motives predicted greater task-based coping and, indirectly, goal progress and need satisfaction. Controlled motives predicted increased disengagement-based coping and decreased task-based coping, which indirectly predicted need frustration and reduced progress, respectively. MCII decreased the negative relations between controlled motives and task-based coping, and indirectly predicted saving progress. Autonomous motivation is associated with saving money and need satisfaction. Conversely, controlled motives predict the thwarting of psychological needs and decreased saving. MCII might improve self-regulatory coping and saving in individuals with controlled motives.
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| 4. |
- Riddell, Hugh, et al.
(författare)
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Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Motivation Science. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2333-8121 .- 2333-8113. ; 9:2, s. 144-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents must rapidly adapt goals from various aspects of their lives to accommodate the demands of the early stages of parenthood. According to the self-concordance model, having autonomous goal motives (based on enjoyment or personal goal value) should foster effective self-regulation (e.g., coping strategies), better goal management, and increase the likelihood of goal attainment, compared to controlled motives (goals driven by demands/pressures). Metacognitive techniques, such as mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII), can also facilitate goal regulation. We used experience sampling over 1 month to study goal striving in parents (N = 103). We investigated how motives and spontaneously occurring features of MCII (i.e., mental imagery, reflection on obstacles, implementation intention planning) predict three key self-regulatory coping strategies: exerting effort, disengaging, and modifying/adjusting goals to make them attainable. We examined whether these strategies influenced relations between motives and goal progress, intergoal facilitation, and interference between parenting/competing life goals. Autonomous motives and MCII-like features were positively associated with effort coping, which in turn was related to goal progress and facilitation. Additionally, in individuals with high controlled motives, MCII-like features positively predicted increased adjustment of competing life goals. Goal adjustment positively predicted differences in intergoal facilitation. Results indicate that exerting effort and adjusting goals are effective strategies for attaining and managing multiple goals. Both goal motives and MCII-like features are associated with the use of these strategies. The findings suggest that parents will benefit from selecting autonomously motivated goals and using MCII-like features to manage parenting and other competing life goals © 2023, Motivation Science. All rights reserved
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| 5. |
- Rogoza, Radoslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Assessment (Odessa, Fla.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 28:4, s. 1125-1135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.
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