| 1. |
- Selin, Jinjin Zheng, et al.
(author)
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Are increased levels of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with age-related cataract?
- 2014
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In: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 21:5, s. 700-704
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the etiology of age-related cataract. This study is the first to investigate the association between urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha); as a biomarker for systemic oxidative stress in vivo) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha) (as a biomarker for systemic inflammation in vivo) and risk of age-related cataract. We observed in a nested case-control study, including 258 women with incident cataract diagnosis and/or cataract extraction and 258 women without cataract, matched on age and date of urine sample collection that, women with higher levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) as compared with lower levels had an increased risk of age-related cataract. There was no difference in 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha) levels between cases and controls. Our observations lead to the hypothesis that higher systemic oxidative stress increases the risk of developing age-related cataract.
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| 2. |
- Selin, Jinjin Zheng, et al.
(author)
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High-Dose Supplements of Vitamins C and E, Low-Dose Multivitamins, and the Risk of Age-related Cataract : A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study of Men
- 2013
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In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 177:6, s. 548-555
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the associations of high-dose supplements of vitamins C and E and low-dose multivitamins with the risk of age-related cataract among 31,120 Swedish men, aged 45-79 years, in a population-based prospective cohort. Dietary supplement use was assessed from a questionnaire at baseline in 1998. During follow-up (January 1998 December 2006), 2,963 incident age-related cataract cases were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for men using vitamin C supplements only was 1.21(95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.04, 1.41) in a comparison with that of non supplement users. The hazard ratio for long-term vitamin C users (>= 10 years before baseline) was 1.36 (95% Cl: 1.02, 1.81). The risk of cataract with vitamin C use was stronger among older men (>65 years) (hazard ratio = 1.92, 95% Cl: 1.41, 2.60) and corticosteroid users (hazard ratio = 2.11, 95% Cl: 1.48, 3.02). The hazard ratio for vitamin E use only was 1.59 (95% Cl: 1.12, 2.26). Use of multivitamins only or multiple supplements in addition to vitamin C or E was not associated with cataract risk. These results suggest that the use of high-dose (but not low-dose) single vitamin C or E supplements may increase the risk of age-related cataract. The risk may be even higher among older men, corticosteroid users, and long-term users.
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| 3. |
- Selin, Jinjin Zheng, et al.
(author)
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Long-term physical activity and risk of age-related cataract : a population-based prospective study of male and female cohorts
- 2015
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In: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-6420 .- 1549-4713. ; 122:2, s. 274-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the association of total and specific types of physical activity, including walking or bicycling, exercising, work or occupational activity, home or housework, and leisure time inactivity with the risk of age-related cataract in women and men.Design: Population-based prospective cohort study.Participants: A total of 52 660 participants (23 853 women and 28 807 men) 45 to 83 years of age from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men.Methods: Physical activity was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. Cataract diagnosis and extraction were identified through linkage to registers.Main Outcome Measures: Incident age-related cataract diagnosis and cataract extraction.Results: During a mean 12.1 years of follow-up (between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2011; 634 631 person-years), 11 580 incident age-related cataract cases were identified. After adjusting for potential con-founders, the highest quartile of total physical activity was statistically significantly associated with 13% decreased risk of cataract compared with the lowest (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.92). Walking or bicycling (>60 minutes/day vs. hardly ever; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95) and work or occupational activity (heavy manual labor vs. mostly sitting; HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.91) also were associated with decreased risk of cataract. Exercise training and home or housework were not associated with cataract risk. Leisure time inactivity was associated with increased risk of cataract (>6 vs. <1 hours/day; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.50). The HR for high long-term total physical activity compared with low levels both at 30 years of age and at baseline was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.85).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that high total physical activity, especially in the long term, and such specific types of physical activity as walking or bicycling and work or occupational activity, may be associated with decreased risk of age-related cataract. Conversely, high inactivity levels may be associated with increased risk of cataract.
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| 4. |
- Zheng Selin, Jinjin
(author)
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Oxidative stress and age-related cataract
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Age-related cataract is a clouding of the lens that leads to decreased vision. It increases with age and is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The only treatment currently available is surgery. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable risk factors for cataract prevention. The cause of cataract is not fully understood and may be multifactorial, involving oxidative stress, a condition of disrupted balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids is suggested to be involved in the development of cataract. Antioxidants may protect against oxidative damage. The aim of this thesis was to examine factors related to oxidative stress, including biomarkers of exogenous/dietary and endogenous antioxidants, and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as vitamin supplement use and physical activity, with the risk of age-related cataract. The studies were based on women and men, born 1914-1952, in the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Information on diet and lifestyle factors was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. Cases of age-related cataract were identified through linkage to registers. The relationship between exogenous/dietary and endogenous antioxidants was examined in a cross-sectional study of women with and without a history of chronic diseases. High fruit and vegetable intake and high levels of plasma carotenoids were associated with lower plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase activity (an endogenous antioxidant enzyme) in healthy women but not in women with a history of chronic diseases. In a nested case-control study including women with and without incident cataract, higher levels of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (a biomarker for systemic oxidative stress) were associated with increased risk of cataract, but no association was observed for 15-keto-dihydro-prostaglandin F2α (a biomarker for systemic inflammation). The association between dietary supplement use and risk of cataract was investigated prospectively in the cohorts. The use of single, high-dose supplements of vitamin C or E, as well as B vitamins, but not multivitamins (usually containing vitamin doses close to recommended daily intake), was associated with increased risk of cataract. The use of vitamin C supplements in combination with some oxidative stress-related factors, such as age and corticosteroid use, as well as in the long-term, may be associated with even higher risk. The association between physical activity and risk of cataract was also examined prospectively. Higher levels of total physical activity, especially long-term, and specific subtypes including walking/bicycling and work/occupational activity, were associated with lower risk of cataract in women and men. Conversely, high leisure time inactivity levels were associated with increased risk of cataract. In conclusion, these results suggest that maintaining low systemic oxidative stress by having a healthier lifestyle, including eating a diet rich in antioxidants instead of taking high-dose supplements and being physically active may prevent cataract development in the general population.
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