| 1. |
- Baqui, Abdullah H., et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine on prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children : A case-control study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 26:7, s. 565-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few Asian countries have introduced Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine because of its cost and uncertainty regarding disease burden. Methods: To estimate the effectiveness of Hib conjugate vaccine in preventing pneumonia and meningitis in children age <2 years, an incident case-control study was conducted in a birth cohort of about 68,000 infants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. DPT vaccine was systematically replaced, by a combined Hib-DPT vaccine in selected immunization centers of the study area. Four matched community- and 2 hospital-controls were randomly selected for each confirmed case of pneumonia and meningitis from the study area. Results: About 35% of the infants received each of the 3 doses of Hib-DPT vaccine. There were 2679 children who had a chest roentgenogram. For 475 children, a radiologist and a pediatrician independently identified substantial alveolar consolidation. Following at least 2 doses of Hib vaccine, the preventable fractions [95% confidence intervals (CI)] using community and hospital controls were 17% (- 10% to 38%) and 35% (13% to 52%) respectively. Of these 475 cases, 2 radiologists with the World Health Organization concurred with the findings for 343 patients, yielding preventable fractions of 34% (6% to 53%) and 44% (20% to 61%). Fifteen confirmed Hib meningitis cases were identified; the preventable fractions (95% CI) using community and hospital controls, respectively, were 89% (28% to 100%) and 93% (53% to 100%). Conclusions: The study documented that significant fractions of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children age <2 years can be prevented by the Hib conjugate vaccine.
|
|
| 2. |
- Agustin, Sanchez-Arcilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hydraulic Research. - 0022-1686. ; 46:2, s. 179-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 3. |
- Rahman, Anisur, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Arsenic exposure during pregnancy and size at birth : a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 169:3, s. 304-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors evaluated the association of prenatal arsenic exposure with size at birth (birth weight, birth length, head and chest circumferences). This prospective cohort study, based on 1,578 mother-infant pairs, was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh, in 2002-2003. Arsenic exposure was assessed by analysis of arsenic in urine collected at around gestational weeks 8 and 30. The association of arsenic exposure with size at birth was assessed by linear regression analyses. In analysis over the full range of exposure (6-978 microg/L), no dose-effect association was found with birth size. However, significant negative dose effects were found with birth weight and head and chest circumferences at a low level of arsenic exposure (<100 microg/L in urine). In this range of exposure, birth weight decreased by 1.68 (standard error (SE), 0.62) g for each 1-microg/L increase of arsenic in urine. For head and chest circumferences, the corresponding reductions were 0.05 (SE, 0.03) mm and 0.14 (SE, 0.03) mm per 1 microg/L, respectively. No further negative effects were shown at higher levels of arsenic exposure. The indicated negative effect on birth size at a low level of arsenic exposure warrants further investigation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sundelin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Three-year folow-up of posterior capsule opacification with two different silicone intraocular lenses.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - 1395-3907. ; 83, s. 11-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT. Purpose: To compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery with implantation of two silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different designs. Methods: We carried out a prospective, clinical study of 116 patients randomized to standardized phacoemulsification with implantation of CeeOn Edge (n = 57) or SI40NB (n = 59) IOLs. The follow-up period was 3 years. To evaluate PCO morphologically, digital images were obtained and analysed using evaluation of posterior capsule opacification computer software (EPCO). The neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy rate was recorded. Results: At 2 and 3 years, the eyes with SI40NB IOLs had significantly more PCO than those with the CeeOn Edge IOLs (p = 0.00014 and p = 0.002). Nine Nd:YAG capsulotomies were performed in the SI40NB group and none in the CeeOn Edge group. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.003). In some patients a regression of PCO was noticed and confirmed using EPCO. Statistically less PCO was noted when the capsulorhexis rim was placed so that it covered all 360 degrees of the optic of the IOL. Conclusions: A clinically and statistically significant difference in PCO development between CeeOn Edge and SI40NB IOLs at 2 and 3 years postoperatively was found. These findings support earlier studies indicating that a sharp edge of the optic is a more important factor in IOL design than IOL material in the prevention of PCO. Key words: posterior capsule opacification (PCO) – silicone – intraocular lens (IOL) – longterm follow-up – prospective – evaluation of posterior capsule opacification (EPCO) – capsulotomy – optic edge – regression
|
|
