| 1. |
- Ghodke, Praveen Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Pyrolysis of sewage sludge for sustainable biofuels and value-added biochar production
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study deals with the pyrolysis of sewage sludge to produce eco-friendly and sustainable fuels along with value-added biochar products. The experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed cylindrical glass reactor in the temperature range of 250–700 °C and achieved the product yield of 22.4 wt% bio-oil, 18.9 wt % pyrolysis gases, and 58.7 wt% biochar at 500 °C optimum temperature. The chemical composition of bio-oil was investigated by gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy and fourier transformation infrared techniques. The ASTM standard procedures were used to assess the fuel qualities of bio-oil, and they were found to be satisfactory. Bio-oil has a greater H/C ratio (3.49) and a lower O/C ratio (1.10), indicating that it is suitable for engine use. The gas chromatographic analysis of pyrolysis gases confirmed the presence of 41.16 wt % combustible gases, making it suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. X-ray fluorescence analysis of biochar showed that it had a good amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium along with some micro-and macro-nutrient which proves its potential to utilize as organic manure in the agriculture sector. In addition, the data obtained from the TGA analysis during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge was applied to calculate kinetic parameters via the Coats-Redfern method.
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| 2. |
- Patel, Alok, Dr. 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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In-depth analysis of waste cooking oil as renewable and ecofriendly biofuel candidate
- 2021
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Ingår i: Waste-to-Energy Approaches Towards Zero Waste: Interdisciplinary Methods of Controlling Waste. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 87-103
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, biodiesel as a sustainable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel has drawn considerable interest from academics, governments, and industries. However, some feedstocks have been found inefficient or unfeasible owing to their incredibly high cost and their usage mainly as food products. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is considered as the most effective biodiesel feedstock even with its drawbacks, such as its strong free fatty acid (FFA), and water content. The impurities present in WCO can affect the transesterification reaction and biodiesel properties. Apart from this phenomenon, the biodiesel obtained from WCO gives better engine performance and less emissions when tested on commercial diesel engines. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the pretreatment and the usage of WCO in the production of biodiesel using several methods, different types of reactors, and various types and amounts of alcohol and catalysts.
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