| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Nunes, Breno, et al.
(författare)
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Building a Competitive Advantage through Sustainable Operations Strategy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Zawislak, P A and Hosni Y (Eds) “Science, Technology and Innovation in the Emerging Markets Economy”, Proceedings of 22nd International Conference of the International Association for Management of Technology. ; , s. Paper 1569690949-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses an important gap in sustainability and technology management studies: the strategies for sustainable operations. Based on analysis of cases from automotive, textile, chemical, and food processing industries, the authors discuss the responses companies take to environmental and social pressures when aiming at increasing profitability. Our findings show that adaptations of traditional operations strategy frameworks can be useful when developing and assessing sustainability strategy for operations. Lastly, we also offer definitions for ‘sustainable operations strategy’ and ‘sustainable technology’ as those are not yet established in the literature. We consider the contribution of this article to be linked to the development and evaluation of sustainable operations strategies, which will invariably include the choice and use of technologies.
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| 3. |
- Nunes, Breno, et al.
(författare)
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Eight Steps for Managing Green Innovation in the Automotive Industry
- 2013
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Ingår i: The European Financial Review. - 1757-5680. ; June, s. 3-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are approximately 1 billion automobiles in the world. In 2012, world production went above 84 million vehicles. With the increasing global demand for cars, it is estimated that there will be 2 billion of them by 2020. In fact, with 10 billion people living on Planet Earth by 2050, we could have around 6 billion cars registered if developing countries follow the same patterns of mobility and car ownership as the USA and Europe. When Henry Ford’s assembly line was aimed at producing for mass market, his philosophical drivers included personal mobility and freedom. For 100 years, cars could deliver this – and they still do in many of the World’s newly industrialised nations. However, nowadays cars are no longer synonymous with personal mobility and freedom. For people living in megacities (think of São Paulo, Tokyo, and Jakarta) the use of automobiles is not only reducing personal mobility and freedom but is also a reason for poor urban air quality, fatal accidents and increasing concerns about end-of-life waste and landfill availability. The question of “greening” the automotive industry no longer has a “yes or no” answer. The debate has moved on from “why” to “how” and “by when”, such that the greening innovations support other business conditions including profitability, customer satisfaction, product safety, and reliability.
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| 4. |
- Nunes, Breno, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring System Dynamics to Manage Technologies for Increasing Sustainability
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hosni Y (Ed) “Science, Technology and Innovation in the Age of Economic, Political and Security Issues”, Proceedings of 23rd International Conference of the International Association for Management of Technology, IAMOT, Miami FL, USA.. ; , s. paper 1569872089-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses how system dynamics and computer modelling contribute to the debate of management of technologies in response to sustainability crises. The basic components and properties of socio-ecological systems were modelled in order to understand possible responses to resource scarcity or exceeding levels of pollutions in a given system. The computer programme was based on a toy model methodology in accordance to our commitment to simplification and focus on the relationship between ecological resources provision and human consumption and needs. The results show that computer simulation may provide interesting insights on managing the use of ecological resources when attempting to promote increased human wellbeing. The mapping of system dynamics has also proven useful to explore the nature of sustainability challenges and the appropriate responses under the expected feedback loops between the various regimes of a macro socio-ecological system such as technological and consumption regimes.
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| 5. |
- Nunes, Breno, et al.
(författare)
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Philosophy, Theory and Practice of Green Operations Management
- 2012
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Ingår i: Khalil T, Hosni Y and Hung S-C (Eds) “Managing Technology-Service Convergences in the Post-Industrialized Society”, Proceedings of 21st International Conference of the International Association for Management of Technology, IAMOT / National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.. ; , s. 00448-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a more profound discussion of the philosophical underpins of sustainability than currently exists in the MOT literature and considers their influence on the construction of the theories on green operations and technology management. Ultimately, it also debates the link between theory and practice on this subject area. The paper is derived from insights gained in three research projects completed during the past twelve years, primarily involving the first author. From 2000 to 2002, an investigation using scenario analysis, aimed at reducing atmospheric pollution in urban centres by substituting natural gas for petrol and diesel, provided the first set of insights about public policy, environmental impacts, investment analysis, andtechnological feasibility. The second research project, from 2003 to 2005, using a survey questionnaire, was aimed at improving environmental performance in livestock farming and explored the issues of green supply chain scope, environmental strategy and priorities. Finally, the third project, from 2006 to 2011, investigated environmental decisions in manufacturing organisations through case study research and examined the underlying sustainability drivers and decision-making processes. By integrating the findings and conclusions from these projects, the link between philosophy, theory, and practice of green operations and technology management is debated. The findings from all these studies show that the philosophical debate seems to have little influence on theory building so far. For instance, although ‘sustainable development’ emphasises ‘meeting the needs of current and future generation’, no theory links essentiality and environmental impacts. Likewise, there is a weak link between theory and the practical issues of green operations and technology management. For example, the well-known ‘life-cycle analysis’ has little application in many cases because the life cycle of products these days is dispersed within global production and consumption systems and there are different stakeholders for each life cycle stage. The results from this paper are relevant to public policy making and corporate environmental strategy and decision making. Most of the past and current studies in the subject of green operations and sustainability management deal with only a single sustainability dimension at any one time. Here the value and originality of this paper lies in its integration between philosophy, theory, and practice of green technology and operations management.
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