| 1. |
- Chen, Yufeng, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence Trajectories of Psychiatric Disorders After Assault, Injury, and Bereavement
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 81:4, s. 374-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Traumatic events have been associated with elevated risks of psychiatric disorders, while the contributions of familial factors to these associations remain less clear.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of familial factors to long-term incidence trajectories of psychiatric disorders following potentially traumatic events.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study evaluated 3 separate cohorts of individuals residing in Sweden who were free of previous diagnosed psychiatric disorders when first exposed to assault (n = 49 957), injury (n = 555 314), or bereavement (n = 321 263) from January 1987 to December 2013, together with their unexposed full siblings, and 10 age-, sex-, and birthplace-matched unexposed individuals (per exposed individual). Cohorts were created from the Swedish Total Population Register linked to health and population registers. Data were analyzed from March 2022 to April 2023.EXPOSURES: Potentially traumatic events, including various types of assault, injuries, and bereavement (death of a child or of a spouse or partner), were ascertained from the Swedish national registers.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incident psychiatric disorders were ascertained from the Swedish Patient Register. Flexible parametric and Cox models were used to estimate associations of potentially traumatic events with incident psychiatric disorders after multivariable adjustment.RESULTS: The median (IQR) age at exposure to assault, injury, and bereavement was 22 (18-31), 19 (8-40), and 60 (51-68) years, respectively. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.9 (2.2-8.2), 9.1 (4.1-15.6), and 8.1 (3.4-14.8) years, the incidence rates of any psychiatric disorder were 38.1, 13.9, and 9.0 per 1000 person-years for the exposed groups of the 3 cohorts, respectively. Elevated risk of any psychiatric disorder was observed during the first year after exposure to any assault (hazard ratio [HR], 4.55; 95% CI, 4.34-4.77), injury (HR, 3.31; 95% CI,3.23-3.38), or bereavement (HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 2.72-2.91) and thereafter (assault HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.43-2.56; injury HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.68-1.70; bereavement HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.40-1.44). Comparable associations were obtained in sibling comparison (first year: assault HR, 3.70; 95% CI, 3.37-4.05; injury HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.85-3.12; bereavement HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.54-2.91; thereafter: assault HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.84-2.02; injury HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.48-1.53; bereavement HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.31-1.38). The risk elevation varied somewhat by type of traumatic events and psychiatric disorders, with the greatest HR noted for posttraumatic stress disorder after sexual assault (sibling comparison HR, 4.52; 95% CI, 3.56-5.73 during entire follow-up period).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, the long-term risk elevation of psychiatric disorders after potentially traumatic events was largely independent of familial factors. The risk elevation observed immediately after these events motivates early clinical surveillance and mental health services for these vulnerable populations.
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| 2. |
- Dai, Heng, et al.
(författare)
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Finned zeolite catalysts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 19:10, s. 1074-1080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized zeolites enable better catalytic performance; however, their synthesis is non-trivial. Here, a simple treatment is presented that enables the growth of nanosized fins on zeolites that act as pseudo-nanoparticles, reducing deactivation rates for methanol-to-hydrocarbon catalysis. There is growing evidence for the advantages of synthesizing nanosized zeolites with markedly reduced internal diffusion limitations for enhanced performances in catalysis and adsorption. Producing zeolite crystals with sizes less than 100 nm, however, is non-trivial, often requires the use of complex organics and typically results in a small product yield. Here we present an alternative, facile approach to enhance the mass-transport properties of zeolites by the epitaxial growth of fin-like protrusions on seed crystals. We validate this generalizable methodology on two common zeolites and confirm that fins are in crystallographic registry with the underlying seeds, and that secondary growth does not impede access to the micropores. Molecular modelling and time-resolved titration experiments of finned zeolites probe internal diffusion and reveal substantial improvements in mass transport, consistent with catalytic tests of a model reaction, which show that these structures behave as pseudo-nanocrystals with sizes commensurate to that of the fin. This approach could be extended to the rational synthesis of other zeolite and aluminosilicate materials.
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