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- Chowdhury, Shawan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of non-English-language literature on biodiversity conservation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 36:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- English is widely recognized as the language of science, and English-language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non-ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non-ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different languages is poorly documented. Using local and international search systems, we searched for scientific articles on biodiversity conservation published from 1980 to 2018 in English and 15 non-English languages. We compared the growth rate in publications across languages. In 12 of the 15 non-English languages, published conservation articles significantly increased every year over the past 39 years, at a rate similar to English-language articles. The other three languages showed contrasting results, depending on the search system. Since the 1990s, conservation science articles in most languages increased exponentially. The variation in the number of non-English-language articles identified among the search systems differed markedly (e.g., for simplified Chinese, 11,148 articles returned with local search system and 803 with Scopus). Google Scholar and local literature search systems returned the most articles for 11 and 4 non-English languages, respectively. However, the proportion of peer-reviewed conservation articles published in non-English languages was highest in Scopus, followed by Web of Science and local search systems, and lowest in Google Scholar. About 20% of the sampled non-English-language articles provided no title or abstract in English; thus, in theory, they were undiscoverable with English keywords. Possible reasons for this include language barriers and the need to disseminate research in countries where English is not widely spoken. Given the known biases in statistical methods and study characteristics between English- and non-English-language studies, non-English-language articles will continue to play an important role in improving the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation.
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| 2. |
- Sidemo Holm, William, et al.
(författare)
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Ekologisk odling för mer biologisk mångfald - var får man mest för pengarna?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Policy brief / AgriFood Economics Centre.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att odla ekologiskt istället för konventionellt bidrar till att öka den biologiska mångfalden. Den positiva effekten på biologisk mångfald är särskilt stor i odlingslandskap med få kvarvarande naturliga livsmiljöer som exempelvis naturbetesmarker. Samtidigt har sådana odlingslandskap ofta en hög jordbruksproduktion och därför är också kostnaderna i form av skördebortfall höga vid en övergång till ekologisk odling. I denna studie undersöker vi kostnaderna för att öka biologisk mångfald genom ekologisk odling, och hur dessa påverkas av det omgivande landskapet. Resultaten visar att: • Ekologisk odling ökar biologisk mångfald (mätt som antalet växtarter) mest kostnadseffektivt i landskap med en liten andel naturbetesmarker. • Kostnaden för att öka antalet växtarter med ekologisk odling ökar för varje tillkommen växtart. • Bevarande av naturbetesmarker har en större effekt på antalet växtarter än ekologisk odling.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sidemo Holm, William, et al.
(författare)
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Urbanization causes biotic homogenization of woodland bird communities at multiple spatial scales
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:21, s. 6152-6164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the impact of landscape urbanization on communities of woodland-breeding bird species in individual (local scale) and across multiple (regional scale) cities, while controlling for the quality of sampled habitats (woodlands). We conducted bird point counts and habitat quality mapping of trees, dead wood, and shrubs in 459 woodlands along an urban to rural urbanization gradient in 32 cities in Sweden. Responses to urbanization were measured as local and regional total diversity (γ), average site diversity (α), and diversity between sites (β). We also assessed effects on individual species and to what extent dissimilarities in species composition along the urbanization gradient were driven by species nestedness or turnover. We found that landscape urbanization had a negative impact on γ-, α-, and β-diversity irrespective of spatial scale, both regarding all woodland-breeding species and red-listed species. At the regional scale, dissimilarities in species composition between urbanization levels were due to nestedness, that is, species were lost with increased landscape urbanization without being replaced. In contrast, dissimilarities at the local scale were mostly due to species turnover. Because there was no difference in habitat quality among woodlands across the urbanization gradient, we conclude that landscape urbanization as such systematically causes poorer and more homogeneous bird communities in adjacent natural habitats. However, the high local turnover and the fact that several species benefited from urbanization demonstrates that natural habitats along the entire urbanization gradient are needed to maintain maximally diverse local bird communities.
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