| 1. |
- Muscaritoli, M, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics".
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 29:2, s. 154-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic diseases as well as aging are frequently associated with deterioration of nutritional status, loss muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia), impaired quality of life and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Although simple and effective tools for the accurate screening, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition have been developed during the recent years, its prevalence still remains disappointingly high and its impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life clinically significant. Based on these premises, the Special Interest Group (SIG) on cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases was created within ESPEN with the aim of developing and spreading the knowledge on the basic and clinical aspects of cachexia and anorexia as well as of increasing the awareness of cachexia among health professionals and care givers. The definition, the assessment and the staging of cachexia, were identified as a priority by the SIG. This consensus paper reports the definition of cachexia, pre-cachexia and sarcopenia as well as the criteria for the differentiation between cachexia and other conditions associated with sarcopenia, which have been developed in cooperation with the ESPEN SIG on nutrition in geriatrics.
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| 2. |
- Warr, N., et al.
(författare)
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The Miniball spectrometer
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 49:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Miniball germanium detector array has been operational at the REX (Radioactive ion beam EXperiment) post accelerator at the Isotope Separator On-Line facility ISOLDE at CERN since 2001. During the last decade, a series of successful Coulomb excitation and transfer reaction studies have been performed with this array, utilizing the unique and high-quality radioactive ion beams which are available at ISOLDE. In this article, an overview is given of the technical details of the full Miniball setup, including a description of the.-ray and particle detectors, beam monitoring devices and methods to deal with beam contamination. The specific timing properties of the REX-ISOLDE facility are highlighted to indicate the sensitivity that can be achieved with the full Miniball setup. The article is finalized with a summary of some physics highlights at REX-ISOLDE and the utilization of the Miniball germanium detectors at other facilities.
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| 3. |
- Kaiser, Matthias J., et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of Malnutrition in Older Adults : A Multinational Perspective Using the Mini Nutritional Assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 58:9, s. 1734-1738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES To provide pooled data on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly people as evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). DESIGN Retrospective pooled analysis of previously published datasets. SETTING Hospital, rehabilitation, nursing home, community. PARTICIPANTS Four thousand five hundred seven people (75.2% female) with a mean age of 82.3. MEASUREMENTS The prevalence of malnutrition in the combined database and in the four settings was examined. RESULTS Twenty-four data sets with information on full MNA classification from researchers from 12 countries were submitted. In the combined database, the prevalence of malnutrition was 22.8%, with considerable differences between the settings (rehabilitation, 50.5%; hospital, 38.7%; nursing home, 13.8%; community, 5.8%). In the combined database, the "at risk" group had a prevalence of 46.2%. Consequently, approximately two-thirds of study participants were at nutritional risk or malnourished. CONCLUSION The MNA has gained worldwide acceptance and shows a high prevalence of malnutrition in different settings, except for the community. Because of its specific geriatric focus, the MNA should be recommended as the basis for nutritional evaluation in older people.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Cederholm, Tommy E., et al.
(författare)
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Toward a Definition of Sarcopenia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-0690 .- 1879-8853. ; 27:3, s. 341-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The definition of sarcopenia has been thoroughly discussed by scientific stakeholders and industry representatives to increase the clinical applicability of the concept. The pooled consensus from 3 of 5 recent and parallel processes, of which 2 are pending, is that sarcopenia is mainly, but not only, an age-related condition defined by the combined presence of reduced muscle mass and muscle function. Contributing factors to sarcopenia are senescence, chronic disease, physical inactivity, and poor food intake. Cachexia may be considered as one etiologic pathway of an accelerated sarcopenia. The adjusted and extended definitions of sarcopenia promote the clinical use of the concept.
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| 6. |
- Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults : a systematic review : Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 43:6, s. 748-759
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to examine the clinical evidence reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia and the effect of nutrition and exercise interventions from studies using the consensus definition of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).METHODS: PubMed and Dialog databases were searched (January 2000-October 2013) using pre-defined search terms. Prevalence studies and intervention studies investigating muscle mass plus strength or function outcome measures using the EWGSOP definition of sarcopenia, in well-defined populations of adults aged ≥50 years were selected.RESULTS: prevalence of sarcopenia was, with regional and age-related variations, 1-29% in community-dwelling populations, 14-33% in long-term care populations and 10% in the only acute hospital-care population examined. Moderate quality evidence suggests that exercise interventions improve muscle strength and physical performance. The results of nutrition interventions are equivocal due to the low number of studies and heterogeneous study design. Essential amino acid (EAA) supplements, including ∼2.5 g of leucine, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) supplements, show some effects in improving muscle mass and function parameters. Protein supplements have not shown consistent benefits on muscle mass and function.CONCLUSION: prevalence of sarcopenia is substantial in most geriatric settings. Well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before treatment guidelines can be developed. Physicians should screen for sarcopenia in both community and geriatric settings, with diagnosis based on muscle mass and function. Supervised resistance exercise is recommended for individuals with sarcopenia. EAA (with leucine) and HMB may improve muscle outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Klasson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive duplication of the Wolbachia DNA in chromosome four of Drosophila ananassae
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 15, s. 1097-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lateral gene transfer (LGT) from bacterial Wolbachia endosymbionts has been detected in similar to 20% of arthropod and nematode genome sequencing projects. Many of these transfers are large and contain a substantial part of the Wolbachia genome. Results: Here, we re-sequenced three D. ananassae genomes from Asia and the Pacific that contain large LGTs from Wolbachia. We find that multiple copies of the Wolbachia genome are transferred to the Drosophila nuclear genome in all three lines. In the D. ananassae line from Indonesia, the copies of Wolbachia DNA in the nuclear genome are nearly identical in size and sequence yielding an even coverage of mapped reads over the Wolbachia genome. In contrast, the D. ananassae lines from Hawaii and India show an uneven coverage of mapped reads over the Wolbachia genome suggesting that different parts of these LGTs are present in different copy numbers. In the Hawaii line, we find that this LGT is underrepresented in third instar larvae indicative of being heterochromatic. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of mitotic chromosomes confirms that the LGT in the Hawaii line is heterochromatic and represents similar to 20% of the sequence on chromosome 4 (dot chromosome, Muller element F). Conclusions: This collection of related lines contain large lateral gene transfers composed of multiple Wolbachia genomes that constitute >2% of the D. ananassae genome (similar to 5 Mbp) and partially explain the abnormally large size of chromosome 4 in D. ananassae.
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| 8. |
- Northcott, Paul A, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancer hijacking activates GFI1 family oncogenes in medulloblastoma.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 511:7510, s. 428-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour currently treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, posing a considerable burden of toxicity to the developing child. Genomics has illuminated the extensive intertumoral heterogeneity of medulloblastoma, identifying four distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 and group 4 subgroup medulloblastomas account for most paediatric cases; yet, oncogenic drivers for these subtypes remain largely unidentified. Here we describe a series of prevalent, highly disparate genomic structural variants, restricted to groups 3 and 4, resulting in specific and mutually exclusive activation of the growth factor independent 1 family proto-oncogenes, GFI1 and GFI1B. Somatic structural variants juxtapose GFI1 or GFI1B coding sequences proximal to active enhancer elements, including super-enhancers, instigating oncogenic activity. Our results, supported by evidence from mouse models, identify GFI1 and GFI1B as prominent medulloblastoma oncogenes and implicate 'enhancer hijacking' as an efficient mechanism driving oncogene activation in a childhood cancer.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wagner, M., et al.
(författare)
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Android based Body Area Network for the evaluation of medical parameters
- 2012
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Ingår i: WISES 2012 - Proceedings, Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems. - 9781467324649 ; , s. 33-38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The telemedical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters, e.g. ECG, heart rate, heart rate variability, pulse oximetry, plethysmography and fall detection. Based on two different designs of a (Wireless) Body Area Network connected to an Android smartphone the Real-Time system features several capabilities: Data acquisition in the (W)BAN plus the use of the smartphone sensors, patient localization, data storage, analysis and visualization on the smartphone, data transmission and emergency communication with first responders and a clinical server. In the first ZigBee based approach smart and energy efficient sensor nodes acquire physiological parameters, perform signal processing and data analysis and transmit measurement values to a coordinator node. In the second design sensors are connected via cable to an embedded system. In both approaches data are transferred via Bluetooth to an Android based smartphone. Several challenges are discussed: Measuring, analysing and visualizing medical parameters characterize the system as safety critical, requiring special development procedures and adherence to safety standards. Reliability of wireless data transmission has to be optimized. Handling medical data requires security measures on each level of the system hierarchy
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