| 1. |
- Bui, Thai Q., 1989-
(författare)
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Development of nitrogen-containing materials for capture and catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become a critical environmental issue because a large amount of CO2 releasing into the atmosphere, particularly from the massive use of fossil fuels, is the major factor promoting the global warming and climate change. To mitigate the CO2 emissions, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) can be one of important solutions. Inspired by the CCUS approach, the aims of this thesis are to develop materials for CO2 capture (Papers I, II) and conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals (Papers III, IV) such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and cyclic carbonates (CCs). The main idea is to focus on nitrogen-containing materials because basic nitrogen sites can increase the chemical affinity towards CO2, which is a weak Lewis acid gas.In practice, aqueous monoethanolamine (aq MEA) is widely used to capture CO2 from flue gases in CCUS projects. However, this solvent suffers from several major drawbacks such as high energy consumption for regeneration of MEA, degradation and evaporation. In Paper I, aq pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) was proposed as an alternative solvent for chemical absorption of CO2. A comprehensive study was performed, including the influence of water content on CO2 capacity, chemical composition of absorption products, viscosities before and after absorption, regeneration of PEHA, correlation between CO2 capacity with Kamlet-Taft parameters, comparison with aq MEA. In Paper II, aq PEHA was further studied for CO2 capture from bio-syngas resulting from pilot-scale gasification of biomass to investigate the influence of other compositions on the capture performance. Additionally, this solvent was simultaneously used as a reagent for chemical pretreatment of biomass to investigate the influence of pretreatment on biomass gasification and CO2 capture.The conversion of captured CO2 to value-added chemicals gains increasing attentions in both academia and industry because CO2 represents a renewable, virtually inexhaustible, and nontoxic building block. In addition, this approach can provide economic incentives for CO2 capture facilities by selling their captured CO2 to other interested users or by benefiting from their own additional facilities using the CO2. In Paper III, 1,8-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]undec-7-ene (DBU) was used to capture and subsequent conversion of CO2 to DMC at ambient conditions. In Paper IV, mesoporous melamine-formaldehyde resins were prepared, characterized and studied as heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of CCs from epoxides and CO2. These low-cost polymeric catalysts were reusable and demonstrated excellent performance in a flow reactor under industrially relevant conditions (120 °C, 13 bar, solvent-free/co-catalyst-free).Applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in capture and conversion of CO2 to organic carbonates were briefly reviewed in Paper V (mini review). The viscosity of ILs for CO2 capture and the mechanism involved in the CO2 binding were also discussed.In conclusion, this thesis will hopefully contribute to the sustainable development of society in the fields of reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions and production of chemicals.
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| 2. |
- Bukhanko, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Gas phase synthesis of isopropyl chloride from isopropanol and HCl over alumina and flexible 3-D carbon foam supported catalysts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis A. - : Elsevier. - 0926-860X .- 1873-3875. ; 542:25, s. 212-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isopropyl chloride synthesis from isopropanol and HCl in gas phase over ZnCl2 catalysts supported on Al2O3 as well as flexible carbon foam was studied in a continuous reactor. A series of catalytic materials were synthesised and characterised by BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, XRD and NH3-TPD methods. Catalytic activity tests (product selectivity and conversion of reactants) were performed for all materials and optimal reaction conditions (temperature and feedstock flow rates) were found. The results indicate that the highest yield of isopropyl chloride was obtained over 5 wt.% ZnCl2 on commercial Al2O3 (No. II) (95.3%). Determination of product mixture compositions and by-product identification were done using a GC-MS method. Carbon foam variant catalyst, 5 wt.% ZnCl2/C, was found to perform best out of the carbon-supported materials, achieving ∼75% yield of isopropyl chloride. The kinetic model describing the process in a continuous packed bed reactor was proposed and kinetic parameters were calculated. The activation energy for the formation of isopropyl chloride reaction directly from isopropanol and HCl was found to be ∼58 kJ/mol.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Yang, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Water proton and deuterium spin-lattice relaxation in Zeolite ZSM-5 by fast field-cycling NMR relaxometry
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The water dynamics in the confined space of the zeolite ZSM-5 has bee ninvestigated by means of the field dependence of 1H- and 2H- spin-lattice relaxation rates using a 1T Stelar FFC2000 fast field-cycling instrument. The NMRD analysis of the experimental results indicates that the characteristic time dependence ( 50 ns to 1-2.4 μs) is due to water translational diffusion in narrow pores. The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rates is weak.Zeolites with different counter ions( H+, NH4+ change the water hydration and the water translational diffusion in the pores drastically. The Zeolite-NH4+ slow down the water motion with a factor of 2.The NMRD profiles show somewhat stretched character and is described by two Lorenzian which indicates that the distribution of pore sizes is broaden.The water 1H and 2H spin lattice relaxation profiles give qualitatively information about water hydration in zeolites with different counter ions and is expected also to indicate structural changes of the zeolites.
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| 4. |
- Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Conversion of alcohols to hydrocarbons using a dual catalyst system comprising basic oxide on mixed oxide or mesoporous carrier and etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst
- 2018
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A method for converting an alcohol to hydrocarbons comprises two serially placed catalysts. The fraction of aromatics is reduced to desired levels. The method comprises: a) contacting the alcohol with a first catalyst on a carrier, said carrier is selected from a mixed oxide and a mesoporous carrier, said first catalyst comprises at least one basic oxide and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides, then b) contacting the resulting mixture from step a) with a second catalyst wherein said second catalyst is an etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst wherein the etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst is manufactured with a method comprising etching with subsequent loading of metal onto the catalyst, wherein the metal is in the form of nanoparticles, and wherein at least two different metals are loaded onto the etched zeolite catalyst. The hydrocarbons are recovered and used for instance for fuel including gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and jet propellant, and jet fuel. Naturally, other uses of hydrocarbons should not be excluded.
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| 5. |
- Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrothermal method for producing renewable paraffinichydrocarbons
- 2020
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention provides a method for producing hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of: a) providing a feedstock comprising saturated fatty acids, and/or derivatives thereof; b) deoxygenating the feedstock in the presence of a metal free hydrogenation and decarboxylation catalyst under low-pressure hydrothermal conditions, wherein the temperature is in the range 350-400 °C and the pressure is in the range 10-30 bar; and wherein the catalyst is a heteroatom-doped carbon material. Furthermore, there is provided a system for preforming the method in a single reactor (R) system comprises a bed of a carbon catalyst facilitating simultaneous hydrogenation and decarboxylation.
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| 6. |
- Mukesh, Chandrakant, et al.
(författare)
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Pore size-excluded low viscous porous liquids for CO2 sorption at room temperature and thermodynamic modeling study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Liquids. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7322 .- 1873-3166. ; 356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we report porous ionic liquids (type-III) designed to utilize microporous ZIF-8 moieties with functional ionic liquids such as 8-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en-8-ium, Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide ([MEDBU][TFSI] and Trioctylammonium 4-para-tert-butylbenzoiate [TOAH][PTBBA]). The prepared materials were thoroughly characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, TGA, DSC and viscometry techniques. The idea of combining the intrinsic properties of ionic liquids with microporous architecture to prepare porous ionic liquids yields promising fluidic materials that have received attention in industrial applications such as gas sorption and separation etc. The prepared porous ionic liquids possess unique physico-chemical properties such as low viscosity, high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, reusability and their fluidic nature renders the materials suitable for CO2 capture. Herein introduced porous ionic liquids (ILs) showed enhanced CO2 uptake (0.92 mmol/g in [TOAH][PTBBA]-Z100 and 1.16 mmol/g in [MEDBU][TFSI]-Z200), or in other words, 15–47% higher sorption capacity compared to neat ionic liquids. This concept overcomes the drawbacks of highly viscous ILs and their limited CO2 sorption capacity. Thermodynamic modeling further demonstrated that the enthalpy of sorption is only −9.99 kJ mol−1, indicating that significantly less energy is required for regeneration. This is promising for the potential use of these fluidic materials in continuous separation processes on an industrial scale, as a better alternative to the existing hazardous amine scrubbing.
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| 7. |
- Ngoc Pham, Tung, et al.
(författare)
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Robust hierarchical 3D carbon foam electrode for efficient water electrolysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein we report a 3D heterostructure comprising a hierarchical macroporous carbon foam that incorporates mesoporous carbon nanotubes decorated with cobalt oxide nanoparticles as an unique and highly efficient electrode material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrocatalytic water splitting. The best performing electrode material showed high stability after 10 h, at constant potential of 1.7 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) in a 0.1 M KOH solution and high electrocatalytic activity in OER with low overpotential (0.38 V vs RHE at 10 mA cm(-2)). The excellent electrocatalytic performance of the electrode is rationalized by the overall 3D macroporous structure and with the firmly integrated CNTs directly grown on the foam, resulting in a large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, as well as an efficient electrolyte transport into the whole electrode matrix concurrent with an ability to quickly dispose oxygen bubbles into the electrolyte. The eminent properties of the three-dimensional structured carbon matrix, which can be synthesized through a simple, scalable and cost effective pyrolysis process show that it has potential to be implemented in large-scale water electrolysis systems.
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| 8. |
- Phal, Sereilakhena, 1984-
(författare)
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Development of electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms : detection of therapeutic drugs and heavy metal ions
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrochemical sensors and biosensors combine the sensitivity of electroanalytical methods with the selectivity of a sensor or biosensor surface. The chemical or biochemical component (receptor) in the sensor recognizes an analyte and produces an electrical signal which is proportional to the analyte concentration. Some of these sensors are routinely used in clinical applications and are known for their simplicity, portability, cost-effective, and miniaturization. The glucose sensor used in the management of diabetes is a good example of such biosensors.This thesis deals with the development of electrochemical biosensor and sensor platforms for the detection of therapeutic drugs, demonstrated using methotrexate (MTX) which is the most common drug used for the treatment of cancer patients, and heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Cd2+).The biosensor surfaces were generated by immobilization of antibody (anti-MTX) on chemically modified gold electrodes using different surface modification protocols. Self-assemble monolayer (SAM) using alkanethiol (cysteamine) or electrografting with diazonium salt (4- carboxybenzenediaonium tetrafluoroborate, 4-CBD) was used for surface modification. The surface modification was monitored and characterized using electrochemical immittance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) along with other complementary technique such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The biosensing surfaces were used for the detection of MTX in an electrochemical flow cell (paper I) and in a batch system (paper II). The detection was based on non-faradaic electrochemical immittance spectroscopy (EIS) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for data evaluation. Both electrochemical biosensors provided the lowest limit of detection, LOD (at picomolar level) compared to earlier reports.The electrografting of 4-CBD on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CV and the parameters that influence the number of monolayers that can be grafted on the surface are demonstrated (paper III). The CVs obtained during grafting showed one or two reduction peaks, and this was found to be related to the number of monolayers deposited on the electrode. One can increase the number of monolayers by increasing the concentration of 4-CBD or decreasing the scan rate. The GCE, grafted using 4-CBD, was incorporated with Bi by an in situ electrodeposition of Bi3+ and used as an electrochemical sensor for detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, SWASV (paper IV). The sensor resulted in LOD of 10 μg L-1 for Pb2+ and 25 μg L-1 for Cd2+. The applicability of the sensor was tested for detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in tap water and compared with ICP-OES. The results were comparable, demonstrating the potential of the sensor as an alternative to ICP-OES for the detection of metal ions in water samples.
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| 9. |
- Pham, Ngoc Tung, 1977-
(författare)
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Three-dimensional structured carbon foam : synthesis and applications
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, due to the unique properties and structures such as large geometric surface area, electrical conductivity and light weight, 3D structured carbon materials have been attracting extensive attention from scientists. Moreover, the materials, which can provide well-defined pathways for reactants to easily access active sites, are extremely useful for energy conversion as well as environmental and catalysis applications. To date, many precursors have been used for fabrication of 3D structured carbon materials including pitch, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and polymer foams.This thesis, as shown in the thesis title, focus on two main aspects: the study of the characteristics of melamine based carbon foam synthesized at different conditions and their applications. In paper I, it was revealed that through a simple, one-step pyrolysis process, flexible carbon foam synthesized from melamine foam (BasotectÒ, BASF) was obtained. Additionally, through a pyrolysis-activation process, activated carbon foam which possesses hydrophilic nature and high surface area was successfully synthesized. The characteristics of carbon foam such as the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and surface chemistry were studied. It was shown that carbon foam could be successfully used as an absorbent in environmental applications e.g. removing of spill oil from water (paper I) or as support for heterogeneous catalysts, which in turn was used not only in gas phase reactions (paper I and IV) but also in an aqueous phase reaction (paper II). Importantly, when combined with a SpinChem® rotating bed reactor (SRBR) (paper II), the monolithic carbon foam/SRBR system brought more advantages than using the foam alone. Additionally, the work in paper III showed the potential of carbon foam in an energy conversion application as anode electrode substrate in alkaline water electrolysis. In summary, the versatility of the carbon foam has been proven through abovementioned lab scale studies and due to the simple, scalable and cost effective pyrolysis and activation processes used for the production, it has potential to be used in large-scale applications.
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