| 1. |
- Budnyak, Tetyana M., et al.
(författare)
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Lignin-Inorganic Interfaces : Chemistry and Applications from Adsorbents to Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials
- 2020
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 13:17, s. 4344-4355
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is one the most fascinating natural polymers due to its complex aromatic‐aliphatic structure. Phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups along with other functional groups provide technical lignins with reactivity and amphiphilic character. Many different lignins have been used as functional agents to facilitate the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic materials. Herein, the use of lignin in the synthesis and chemistry of inorganic materials in selected applications with relevance to sustainable energy and environmental fields is reviewed. In essence, the combination of lignin and inorganic materials creates an interface between soft and hard materials. In many cases it is either this interface or the external lignin surface that provides functionality to the hybrid and composite materials. This Minireview closes with an overview on future directions for this research field that bridges inorganic and lignin materials for a more sustainable future.
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| 2. |
- Moreno, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Biocatalytic nanoparticles for the stabilization of degassed single electron transfer-living radical pickering emulsion polymerizations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic polymers are indispensable in many different applications, but there is a growing need for green processes and natural surfactants for emulsion polymerization. The use of solid particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions is a particularly attractive avenue, but oxygen sensitivity has remained a formidable challenge in controlled polymerization reactions. Here we show that lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with chitosan and glucose oxidase (GOx) enable efficient stabilization of Pickering emulsion and in situ enzymatic degassing of single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) without extraneous hydrogen peroxide scavengers. The resulting latex dispersions can be purified by aqueous extraction or used to obtain polymer nanocomposites containing uniformly dispersed LNPs. The polymers exhibit high chain-end fidelity that allows for production of a series of well-defined block copolymers as a viable route to more complex architectures.
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| 3. |
- Moreno, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin-based smart materials : a roadmap to processing and synthesis for current and future applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Horizons. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355. ; 7:9, s. 2237-2257
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass-derived materials are green alternatives to synthetic plastics and other fossil-based materials. Lignin, an aromatic plant polymer, is one of the most appealing renewable material precursors for smart materials capable of responding to different stimuli. Here we review lignin-based smart materials, a research field that has seen a rapid growth during the last five years. We describe the main processing and chemical synthesis routes available for the fabrication of lignin-based smart materials, and focus on their use as sensors, biomedical systems, and shape-programmable materials. In addition to benchmarking their performance to the state of the art fossil counterparts, we identify challenges and future opportunities for the development of lignin-based smart materials towards new high-performance applications.
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| 4. |
- Sipponen, Mika H., et al.
(författare)
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Lignin-fatty acid hybrid nanocapsules for scalable thermal energy storage in phase-change materials
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of affordable thermal energy storage (TES) has been hampered by the lack of environmentally benign and scalable phase-change materials (PCM). Here we show size-controlled colloidal synthesis of fatty acid-lignin hybrid nanocapsules and demonstrate their applicability as PCM in dry and wet states. The one-pot fabrication allowed for facile preparation of hybrid capsules with a predictable concentration of tall oil fatty acid, oleic acid, or lauric acid in core-shell particles stabilized by softwood kraft lignin. Phase-change peaks of capsules containing 40 wt% of lauric acid were observed in aqueous dispersion, indicating a possibility to develop colloidal TES systems. In dry form, the hybrid capsules prevented fragmentation of the phase-change peaks during 290 heating-cooling cycles, while in wet state the capsules appeared stable for 25 cycles. The nanoscaled morphology of the capsules was characterized using thermoporometry-differential scanning calorimetry (tp-DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Extraction of lauric acid from the capsules allowed for investigation of the intraparticle space previously occupied by the fatty acid. The fatty acid-deficient nanocapsules were found to contain an internal volume that was 19 times as high as that of lignin nanoparticles. Approximately 20 nm thick lignin shells of the capsules were found to be readily accessible to water, permitting heat transfer across the capsules. The possibility to tailor the hybrid capsules by altering the chain length and saturation degree of the fatty acids opens applications that extend beyond the TES systems.
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| 5. |
- Österberg, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Spherical lignin particles : a review on their sustainability and applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 22:9, s. 2712-2733
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased interest in renewable carbon as a source of materials, where lignin is expected to play a prominent role. This stems, partially, from new regulations aiming to achieve a cleaner and safer environment. Lignin, as a polyaromatic plant-derived biomolecule, is not only abundant but widely accessible in industrial streams. Due to recent developments in production scalability as well as promising application prospects, nanoscaled lignin particles have recently generated interest in the research and industrial communities. This review describes the main routes to prepare spherical lignin particles, highlighting aspects associated to their shape and topology as well as performance. We discuss the use of spherical lignin particles as dispersants and in the formulation of coatings, adhesives and composites, focusing on the advantages of the spherical shape and nanoscaled size. The state of the particles is furthermore compared in terms of their applicability in dry and wet forms. Finally, we discuss the sustainability, stability and degradation of lignin particles, which are issues that are critically important for any prospective use.
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