| 1. |
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Economic Change in the Balkan States : Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia
- 1991. - 1st Edition
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume contains two papers, one by a Western scholar and one by a local scholar, on the continuing economic crisis, the reform efforts to date, and the prognosis for the future in each country. There is a rare English description by a Romanian scholar of economic conditions under Ceausescu and the first frank assessment of economic policy by an Albanian economist ever to appear in the west. The book also includes a comparison of events in the region with those in East Central Europe, where the prerequisites for transition to market economies and democratic politics seem closer to fulfilment. There is virtual unanimity among all authors - East and West - on the market economy as the only appropriate goal for the countries in question.
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| 2. |
- Ronnås, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Economic reform in Vietnam : Dismantling the centrally planned Economy
- 1991
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Ingår i: The Journal of Communist Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0268-4535. ; 7:1, s. 7-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While Vietnam pioneered macro-economic reforms among socialist states, with 1989 being a decisive year in coming to grips with hyper-inflation and other inherently destabilizing economic imbalances, much remains to be done. There is a wide range of institutions associated with market-type economies still not in place, and the transition is certainly made no easier by the social and regional tension that can be expected to arise. The sequencing and timing of further measures towards the complete dismantling of the centrally planned economy will be crucial. The restrictions imposed by a continuing commitment to the political culture of the pre-reform era is another dark cloud on the horizon.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ronnås, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Urbanisation, central planning and Tolley's model of urban growth : A critical review
- 1993
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1872-9398 .- 0016-7185. ; 24:2, s. 193-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of urbanisation under central planning, while rich in empirical documentation, still lacks a theory that can take recent advances in our understanding of the socialist (or formerly socialist) societies into account. However, one of a host of new developments in urbanisation studies, the model devised by Tolley, holds great promises in store to inform our endeavours to appreciate the circumstances under which the rural-to-urban drift might take place in a variety of settings. This prompts an effort to evaluate the model's potential contribution towards an improved comprehension of urbanisation in socialist polities. Although previous studies indicate that Tolley's model would seem to fit developments in China and that of other Soviet-type economies in a rather congenial manner, it is here suggested that it is not fully appropriate. As the original model is premised upon carefully specified causal links which are not present under central planning, the conclusions drawn from an apparent congruence of patterns derived from nationally aggregated statistics are spurious at best. Therefore, it is argued, while useful in other contexts Tolley's model sheds little light on urbanisation under central planning. More generally, scholars taking an interest in comparative urbanisation would benefit from studying the processes which mold the patterns in individual cases rather than merely comparing the patterns as such.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Schmidt-Neke, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Bevölkerungsstruktur
- 1993. - 1st Edition
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Ingår i: Albanien. - : Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. - 3525362072 - 9783525362075 ; , s. 464-490
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Örjan
(författare)
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Albania : An introduction
- 1992
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Ingår i: The Reform of Housing in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. - : Routledge. - 0203974948 - 9781134911448 - 9780203974940 - 1134911440 - 9780415070683 - 0415070686 ; , s. 6-11
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Örjan
(författare)
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Rural change and development in Albania
- 1991
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a primary goal of communist states was stated to be the elimination of socioeconomic differences between rural and urban areas, the gap between countryside and city has remained large both in the USSR and in Eastern Europe generally. They have failed to integrate rural areas into the mainstream of economic development and social change, and in some states the rural-urban gap even appears to have widened. As part of an on-going research project designed to map and analyse these trends, this book surveys the least-known of the centrally planned economies of Eastern Europe, Albania. It provides a comprehensive overview of the geography and economics of Albania's post-war rural transformation and describes current living conditions in rural areas. Using the most recently released Albanian data, an assessment is made of the effectiveness of the nation's current social and economic policies and plans for reform are evaluated. Provides a comprehensive overview of the geography and economics of Albania's postwar rural transformation and describes the current living conditions in rural areas. Outlines the historical background up to and including the Second World War. Details demographic developments and educational achievements since the mid-1940s. Sketches the policies devised for and strategies employed in economic development. Discusses employment and income opportunities in rural areas; the impact of the transition to nonagricultural employment; and subsidiary economic activities open to the peasantry. Assesses the quality of life of the Albanian rural population and suggests directions for further research. Sjoberg is affiliated with the Department of International Economics and Geography and with the Institute of Soviet and East European Economics at the Stockholm School of Economics.
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| 10. |
- Sjöberg, Örjan
(författare)
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Rural retention in Albania : Administrative restrictions on urban-bound migration
- 1994
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Ingår i: East European Quarterly. - : University of Colorado at Boulder. - 2469-4827 .- 0012-8449. ; 28:2, s. 205-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Albania's restrictions and planning controls on rural-to-urban migration make its efforts to restrict citizens' mobility among the most vigorous in the world. Prior to its fall in 1990, the government used allocated housing, rationing of goods, restricted employment at enterprises, and requirements for permission to change domicile, to live in urban areas, and to carry a domestic passport or identity card, to keep people in the countryside. Since early 1991 there has been a mass exodus to the cities, though its scale and effects remain uncertain.
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