| 1. |
- Andersson, Per, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of family history and personal experience of illness on inclination to change health related behavior
- 2009
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Ingår i: Central European Journal of Public Health. - Prague : National Institute of Public Health in cooperation with Tigris Ltd. - 1210-7778 .- 1803-1048. ; 17:1, s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine how personal experience of illness and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), adjusted for gender, education and nationality, affects risk behaviour. Subjects were 2054 men and women of age 50 from two countries, Sweden (n=1011) and Poland (n=1043), who were recruited from screening program in primary health care. Family history, personal experience and risk behaviours (smoking habits, exercise habits, BMI-level) were self-reported. The results show that smoking behaviour is affected by personal experience of illness but not by family history of CVD. No effects of these variables were found on the remaining risk related variables that were tested in this study. These results suggest that individuals with a personal experience of illness may be inclined to change smoking behaviour more than the average person. Smoking prevention strategies may thus benefit from targeting this group in particular.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors among obese individuals.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important biological risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).AIMS: The main aim of this study was to answer the question whether obese individuals differ from individuals with normal weight with regard to knowledge about risk factors for CVD. A further aim was to replicate previous findings that obese individuals are at higher risk of developing other biological risk factors for CVD.METHOD: Normal weights, BMI<25 kg/m(2) (n=385), and obese, BMI> or =30 kg/m(2) (n=159), individuals were identified from a screening program conducted among 50-year-old inhabitants of the County of Västmanland, Sweden. Participants answered questions regarding their gender, level of education, and items relating to knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors. Total cholesterol and blood glucose levels, height, weight and blood pressure were measured.RESULTS: Obese individuals did not differ significantly from individuals with a normal weight regarding knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors when education was controlled for. Obesity and low level of education are associated with other risk factors for CVD such as high blood pressure and high serum cholesterol.CONCLUSION: Obese individuals are at an increased risk of developing other risk factors for CVD but are just as knowledgeable about risk factors for CVD as normal weighting individuals.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Lags in behavioral change : A population based comparison of cardiovascular risk behavior in Poland and Sweden.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Central European Journal of Public Health. - : National Institute of Public Health. - 1210-7778 .- 1803-1048. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One thousand and twenty Polish men and women and 1,011 Swedish men and women aged 50 and recruited through primary health care took part in a survey relating to their knowledge of health-related behaviour, attitudes to health-related behaviour and self-reported risk behaviour. The results reveal that Poles know as much about cardiovascular risk factors as Swedes, but that Swedes feel that it is more important to change their dietary habits and to influence factors in the working environment to avoid the risk of developing CVD than did Poles. Swedes also displayed less risk behaviour than Poles and more Swedes than Poles had successfully stopped smoking. These findings suggest that differences in stages of health-related behavior that have previously been observed at an individual level may sometimes also be discerned at a national level.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Per
(författare)
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Predicting Health Behaviour – Population-Based Studies of Knowledge and Behaviour Related to Cardiovascular Diseases
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim was to study factors that affect behaviour related to CVD (cardiovascular diseases). Study I tested whether gender, education and so-cioeconomic status correlated to knowledge about risk factors, and Study II studied knowledge and risk behaviour from a national perspective (Sweden versus Poland). Furthermore, Study III examined whether obese people dif-fered from people of normal weight regarding knowledge about risk factors, and Study IV examined whether risk behaviour is affected by personal ex-perience of illness and family history of CVD. The studies are population-based with cross-sectional design. Data were obtained by questionnaires and by screening results of risk factors related to CVD. The studies were carried out among 50-year old men and women in Västmanland, Sweden (n=1011) and in Wroclaw, Poland (n=1043).The results show that women are more knowledgeable than men about the risk factors for CVD, and that low education is associated with insufficient knowledge about CVD (Study I). The discrepancy between knowledge and behaviour was greater among the Poles than it was among the Swedes (Study II). Obese individuals did not differ significantly from individuals with a normal weight regarding knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors when education was controlled for (Study III). Individuals with a personal experience of illness may be more inclined to change smoking behaviour than the average person (Study IV).In conclusion, knowledge about risk factors for CVD varies with education, gender and, to a certain degree, nationality. However, knowledge does not only consist of the conditions of behaviour change. The results in the thesis substantiate theories suggesting that change in risk behaviour is a process over time. Predictors of risk behaviours on the individual level as well as national level are of importance, and needs to be considered in the every day practice of health care professionals.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of family history and personal experiences of illness on the inclination to change health-related behaviour
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Central European Journal of Public Health. - : National Institute of Public Health. - 1210-7778 .- 1803-1048. ; 17:1, s. 3-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine how a personal experience of illness and a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), adjusted for sex, level of education and nationality, affect risk behaviour. Participants were 1,011 and 1,043, 50-year-old men and women from Sweden and Poland, respectively, who were recruited from a primary health care screening programme. Family history, personal experience of illness and risk behaviour (smoking and exercise habits, BMI level) were self-reported. The results showed that smoking behaviour was affected by a personal experience of illness but not by a family history of CVD. No effects of these variables were found on the remaining risk-related variables tested in this study. These results suggest that individuals with a personal experience of illness may be more inclined to change smoking behaviour than the average person. Smoking prevention strategies may therefore benefit from targeting this group in particular.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Rickard, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning and Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd International CDIO Conference and Collaborators' Meeting. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the CDIO-project course in Automatic Control, an Autonomous Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) is constructed, utilizing an existing radio controlled model aircraft. By adding an inertial sensor measuring acceleration and rotation, together with a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, the aim is to construct an accurate positioning system. This is used by an on board computer to calculate rudder control signals to a set of DC-servos in order to follow a predefined way-point trajectory. The project involves 17 students, which is roughly three times as big as previous projects, and it comprises both positioning, control, and hardware design. Since the project is still ongoing some preliminary results and conclusions are presented.
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| 7. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Infants and toddlers remembering and forgetting of a stressful medical procedure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0146-8693 .- 1465-735X. ; 34:2, s. 205-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether a distressing medical procedure leaves lasting impressions in young children’s memories. Methods: Children 12- to 78-weeks old (Nfl172) received inhalation treatment through a face mask or underwent other interventions at a pediatric emergency department. They were randomized to be presented with neutral cues and cues from the inhalation 1 week or 6 months after the target event. Children’s reactions at cue presentation were scored from videotapes. Results: Across the age span tested, children treated with inhalation showed higher distress than controls when presented with cues from inhalation 1 week, but not 6 months after target treatment. Conclusions: Stress during medical procedures in preverbal children may develop as a result of prior experience of such procedures. These memories typically seem to fade within 6 months.
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| 8. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Testimony as communication : An interactive analysis of eyewitness accuracy cues
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Studies have shown that descriptions of real and suggested or fabricated eyewitness memory may differ in ways that could be explained by differences in the formation and cognitive representations of these memories. However, the characteristics of an eyewitness’ description are likely to depend not only on the cognitive features of memory, but also on the witness’ social motivation to display meta-cognitive states to the investigator. Research shows that when answering general knowledge questions, self-presentational concerns drive speakers to signal their certainty in an answer by auditive and visual cues, that these cues are related to response accuracy, and that listeners can use the cues to estimate the speaker’s knowledge of the answer. The current research investigated whether similar communicative cues discriminated eyewitnesses’ accurate and inaccurate responses to questions about a crime event. Furthermore, we examined whether the relation between such cues and response accuracy differed between witnesses who delivered the testimony in their native tongue and those who did not. Native and non-native Swedish witnesses were videotaped while being interviewed about their memory of a simulated crime scenario. Responses to cued recall questions that provided correct or incorrect information about a specific detail were protocoled, and scored with respect to prosody (e.g., interjections, pauses, intonation), hedges, and visual (facial expressions and body movement) cues. Results confirmed a higher frequency of both auditive and visual “uncertainty” cues in witnesses’ incorrect as compared to correct responses, although this tendency was weaker among witnesses who did not testify in their native tongue.
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| 9. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Testimony as communication : An interactive analysis of eyewitness accuracy cues
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies have shown that descriptions of real and suggested or fabricated eyewitness memory may differ in ways that could be explained by differences in the formation and cognitive representations of these memories. However, the characteristics of an eyewitness’ description are likely to depend not only on the cognitive features of memory, but also on the witness’ social motivation to display meta-cognitive states to the investigator. For example, when a response to a question is delayed, this delay is open to several interpretations. It may mean that the respondent a) have difficulty understanding the question b) is retrieving the information c) is formulating her response d) is withdrawing from the interaction. To prevent misunderstanding, respondents need to account for their delays, uncertainties, and failures in answering. Linguistic research shows that when responding to general knowledge questions, people do this by using several markers (Brennan & Williams, 1995; Krahmer & Swerts, 2005; Smith & Clark, 1993). Respondents often use fillers like “uh” and “um” to indicate some trouble with processing. The fillers both signal the delay and offer a brief account for it. Lack of confidence can either be implied by rising intonation, or by hedges as “I think”, “I guess”, etc. Respondents can also account for delays with self-talk and explicit commentary. Both fillers and self-talk are showing the questioner that despite the delay, one is still actively trying to retrieve an answer. Both are ways to let the questioner in on how the retrieval is progressing, and show that the respondent is not uncooperative, ignorant, poor in judgment etc. Listeners have been shown to use these cues to make adequate assessments of the certainty or uncertainty of the speaker (Brennan & Williams, 1995; Krahmer & Swerts, 2005; 2006). This constitutes the Interactive view on question answering (Smith & Clark, 1993). The current research investigated whether similar communicative cues discriminated eyewitnesses’ accurate and inaccurate responses to questions about a crime event. Furthermore, we examined the extent to which groups differing in experience with judging eyewitness memory use these cues to estimate witness accuracy. Witnesses were videotaped while being interviewed about their memory of a simulated crime scenario. Responses to cued recall questions that provided correct or incorrect information about a specific detail were protocoled and scored with respect to linguistic and paralinguistic uncertainty cues (delays, fillers non-words/words, hedges, number of words). Results confirmed a higher frequency of “uncertainty” cues in witnesses’ incorrect as compared to correct responses. This finding points to the importance of taking the interactive component of the question-answering situation into account when analysing eyewitness memory. The eyewitness statements were presented to police detectives, chief judges, and lay-persons in written or in videotaped format. While all groups had difficulty determining accuracy, experienced police detectives, but not judges, had a better discrimination accuracy than lay-persons. Both professionals and lay-persons showed better discrimination when presented with statements in written than in videotaped format. This suggests that the visual format conveys information that interferes with the detection of valid accuracy cues.
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| 10. |
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