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- Lindquist, Matthew J., 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Sweden
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study (empirically) the dynamics of child poverty in Sweden, the quintessential welfare state. We find that 1 out of every 5 children is disposable income poor at least once during his or her childhood, while only 2 percent of all children are chronically poor. We also document a strong life-cycle profile for child poverty. Approximately 8.6 percent of all children are born into poverty. The average poverty rate then drops to about 7.5 percent among 1- year old children. After which, it declines (monotonically) to about 3.8 percent among 17-year olds. Children in Sweden are largely protected (economically) from a number of quite serious events, such as parental unemployment, sickness and death. Family dissolution and long-term unemployment, however, do push children into poverty. But for most of these children, poverty is only temporary. Single mothers, for example, are overrepresented among the poor, but not among the chronically poor. Children with immigrant parents are strongly overrepresented among the chronically poor; as are children whose parents have unusually low educations. We argue that information about the dynamics of child poverty may help policy makers to construct more salient policies for fighting child poverty.
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| 2. |
- Sjögren Lindquist, Gabriella, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Ett längre arbetsliv - arbetsliv och arbetsmarknad för äldre
- 2009
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Ingår i: Inkluderande arbetsliv. - Stockholm : Arbetsmarknadsdepartementet. - 9789138233184 ; , s. 53-67
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många länder, bland dem Sverige, har en åldrande befolkning. Kostnaderna för välfärdsstaten stiger, vilket kan leda till problem för de offentliga finanserna. Om antalet arbetade timmar ökar i ekonomin, ökar också skatteintäkterna samtidigt som kostnaderna för inkomsttransfereringarna minskar. En högre ålder för utträde ur arbetslivet är ett sätt att öka antalet arbetstimmar i ekonomin. Den ålder vid vilken vi lämnar arbetslivet har redan stigit i Sverige. Det nya pensionssystemet är en del av förklaringen, men ett förbättrat allmänt hälsotillstånd och högre utbildningsnivå för de ålderskohorter som är nära pensionsåldern är också viktiga. Välfärdsstatens långsiktiga finansiering är emellertid inte löst med denna utveckling. Vi avslutar vårt bidrag med att diskutera vilka förändringar av politik och avtal som kan bidra till en fortsatt stigande genomsnittsålder vid utträdet från arbetsmarknaden.
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| 3. |
- Sjögren Lindquist, Gabriella, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the rationality assumption using a design difference in the TV Game-show Jeopardy
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract This paper empirically investigates the rationality assumption commonly applied in economic modeling by exploiting a design difference in the game-show Jeopardy between the US and Sweden. In particular we address the assumption of individuals’ capabilities to process complex mathematical problems to find optimal strategies. The vital difference is that US contestants are given explicit information before they act, while Swedish contestants individually need to calculate the same information. Given a rationality assumption of individuals computing optimally, there should be no difference in the strategies used. However, in contrast to the rational and focal bidding behaviors found in the US, the Swedish players display no optimal behavior. Hence, when facing too complex decisions, individuals abandon optimal strategies.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sjögren Lindquist, Gabriella, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Welfare State: The Role of Supplementary Compensations
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish welfare state has a social security system that covers many forms of incomelosses and gives a high compensation. Compensation is given for loss of income due to sickleave, parental leave, disability, work injury, unemployment and retirement at old age. Butthere are also complementing compensation systems. The most important ones are those decidedby collective agreements between unions and employer associations. They are sometimesorganized as an insurance, in other cases as an agreement that the employer should paythe compensation. There are also other forms of complements than those based on collectiveagreements, for example complementing unemployment insurances for members of unions.Even if the complements are organized in different ways, they add to the social insurances inmore or less the same way. They give an addition under the ceiling in the social insurancesystems, they give compensation over the ceiling so that they more or less eliminate theeffects of the ceiling, and they lengthen the compensation period in some cases. This meansthat the consolidated welfare state differs in a systematic way from that which is determinedby the Parliament. In this paper we describe the differences and discuss the factors thatdetermine the differences between the two welfare states – the traditional one and theconsolidated one.
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| 6. |
- Sjögren Lindquist, Gabriella, 1974-
(författare)
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Tournaments and unfair treatment
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces the negative feelings associated with the perception of being unfairly treated into a tournament model and examines the impact of these perceptions on workers’ efforts and their willingness to work overtime. The effect of unfair treatment on workers’ behavior is ambiguous in the model in that two countervailing effects arise: a negative impulsive effect and a positive strategic effect. The impulsive effect implies that workers react to the perception of being unfairly treated by reducing their level of effort. The strategic effect implies that workers raise this level in order to improve their career opportunities and thereby avoid feeling even more unfairly treated in the future. An empirical test of the model using survey data from a Swedish municipal utility shows that the overall effect is negative. This suggests that employers should consider the negative impulsive effect of unfair treatment on effort and overtime in designing contracts and determining on promotions.
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