| 1. |
- Alper, CA, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoglobulin deficiencies and susceptibility to infection among homozygotes and heterozygotes for C2 deficiency
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Immunology. - 0271-9142. ; 23:4, s. 297-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 25% of C2-deficient homozygotes have increased susceptibility to severe bacterial infections. C2-deficient homozygotes had significantly lower serum levels of IgG2, IgG4, IgD, and Factor B, significantly higher levels of IgA and IgG3 and levels of IgG1 and IgM similar to controls. Type I ( 28 bp deletion in C2 exon 6 on the [HLA-B18, S042, DR2] haplotype or its fragments) and type II ( non-type I) C2-deficient patients with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection had significantly lower mean levels of IgG4 ( p < 0.04) and IgA ( p < 0.01) than those without infections ( who had a higher than normal mean IgA level) but similar mean levels of other immunoglobulins and Factor B. Of 13 C2-deficient homozygotes with infections, 85% had IgG4 deficiency, compared with 64% of 25 without infections. IgD deficiency was equally extraordinarily common among infection-prone (50%) and noninfection-prone (70%) homozygous type I C2-deficient patients. IgD deficiency was also common (35%) among 31 type I C2-deficient heterozygotes ( with normal or type II haplotypes), but was not found in 5 type II C2-deficient heterozygotes or 1 homozygote. Thus, C2 deficiency itself is associated with many abnormalities in serum immunoglobulin levels, some of which, such as in IgG4 and IgA, may contribute to increased susceptibility to infection. In contrast, IgD deficiency appears not to contribute to increased infections and appears to be a dominant trait determined by a gene or genes on the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype [HLA-B18, S042, DR2] ( but probably not on type II C2-deficient haplotypes) similar to those previously identified on [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] and [HLA-B18, F1C30, DR3].
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kuipers, S, et al.
(författare)
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A hemolytic assay for the estimation of functional mannose-binding lectin levels in human serum
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods. - 1872-7905. ; 268:2, s. 149-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple assay was developed to estimate functional mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels in serum based on the principle of yeast-induced bystander lysis of chicken erythrocytes (ChE). The assay is sensitive to inhibition by ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (which allows alternative pathway activation), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), whereas it was not inhibited by galactose. A high-titer human anti-mannan antibody-containing serum with 0.06 mug MBL/ml gave a functional signal corresponding to 0.12 mug equivalents MBL/ml, indicating that anti-mannan antibodies are poorly hemolytic in the assay. The assay is well suited for the large-scale testing of patient samples for a functional MBL pathway of complement activation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lagnevik, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Innovation Clusters. Examples from the Food Industry
- 2003
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book provides an in-depth analysis of the processes of innovation found in industrial clusters. The Authors focus particularly on the characteristics of innovation clusters and their operation in the food industry. This is revealed through novel case studies, detailed research on dynamic cluster relationship between academia and the industry, and the role of competencies, resources, interactions and leadership.
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| 7. |
- Sjöholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Ca2+ influx and diacyllycerol synthesis in growth hormone-mediated islet b-cell mitogenesis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 275:28, s. 21033-21040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone (GH) is an important mitogenic stimulus for the insulin-producing β-cell. We investigated the effects of GH on Ca2+ handling and diacylglycerol (DAG) and cAMP formation in the β-cell. GH elicited a rapid increase in the cytoplasmic free [Ca2+], which required extracellular Ca2+ and was also blocked by pertussis toxin or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition. GH also elevated islet DAG content, which should lead to PKC activation. Pertussis toxin and PKC inhibitors obliterated the mitogenicity of GH, suggesting involvement of GTP-binding proteins. PKC activation stimulated β-cell proliferation, and it also activated phospholipase D. Islet cAMP content was not elevated by GH. Addition of a specific protein kinase A antagonist failed to influence the mitogenicity of GH, whereas a stimulatory cAMP agonist stimulated β-cell replication. We conclude that GH rapidly increases the β-cell cytoplasmic free [Ca2+] and also evokes a similar increase in DAG content via a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, but does not affect mitogen-activated protein kinases, phospholipase D, or the cAMP signaling pathway. This rise in DAG may be of importance in translation of the stimulatory signal of GH into a proliferative response by the β-cell, which seems to occur through GTP-binding proteins and PKC-dependent mechanisms.
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