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| 2. |
- De Marchi, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Proteogenomics decodes the evolution of human ipsilateral breast cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) is a clinically important event, where an isolated in-breast recurrence is a potentially curable event but associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis and breast cancer death. It remains unclear if IBTRs are associated with molecular changes that can be explored as a resource for precision medicine strategies. Here, we employed proteogenomics to analyze a cohort of 27 primary breast cancers and their matched IBTRs to define proteogenomic determinants of molecular tumor evolution. Our analyses revealed a relationship between hormonal receptors status and proliferation levels resulting in the gain of somatic mutations and copy number. This in turn re-programmed the transcriptome and proteome towards a highly replicating and genomically unstable IBTRs, possibly enhanced by APOBEC3B. In order to investigate the origins of IBTRs, a second analysis that included primaries with no recurrence pinpointed proliferation and immune infiltration as predictive of IBTR. In conclusion, our study shows that breast tumors evolve into different IBTRs depending on hormonal status and proliferation and that immune cell infiltration and Ki-67 are significantly elevated in primary tumors that develop IBTR. These results can serve as a starting point to explore markers to predict IBTR formation and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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| 3. |
- Edvardsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Early Holocene bark-stripping damages as an indicator of large herbivores: Evidence from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in the Haväng area, southern Baltic basin
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 31:11-12, s. 1670-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A unique assemblage consisting of 113 pine samples collected from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in the Haväng area, southern Sweden, was examined to assess the presence of large herbivores, as well as changes in wild-game population density and composition. Bark-stripping damages on prehistoric trees is an extremely underutilized source of information about past game-population dynamics, yet our analyzes of wood samples – dated to around 10 500 cal. yr. BP – shows that such material can be successfully used to study the presence and activities of large herbivores, most likely ungulates. To evaluate our results, comparisons have been made with subfossil peatland trees that grew around 6000 years ago, as well as trees from two present day clearcut logging sites in southern Sweden. Furthermore, studies in a wild-game reserve were performed to recognize and understand different types of damages on trees caused by ungulates. Bark-stripping indicate the presence of ungulates, and the rate of damage is commonly associated with the density of the wild game. Bark-stripping was most frequently observed in the submerged wood material from the early Holocene, where damages were detected in 15% of the trees. In comparisons, 11% of the mid-Holocene trees show bark-stripping damages, whereas marks could be detected in the range between 0% and 6% of the trees from the two present-day clearcut logging sites. Our results show that tree-ring analyzes of prehistoric wood can generate information about wild-game dynamics of the past, and thereby being a valuable complement to more commonly used paleoecological and zooarcheological records.
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| 4. |
- Grøn, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic mapping of submerged stone age sites—A HALD approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently on-going through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflection seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged Stone Age sites. This paper reviews the maritime archaeological perspectives of this promising approach, which potentially facilitates new and improved practice, summarizes existing data, and reports on the present state of development. Its focus is not reflection seismics as such, but a useful resonance phenomenon induced by the use of high-resolution reflection seismic systems.
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| 5. |
- Holmquist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Approximating Noncentral Chi-Squared to the Moments and Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio Statistic for Multinomial Goodness of Fit
- 2020
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Ingår i: Recent Developments in Multivariate and Random Matrix Analysis : Festschrift in Honour of Dietrich von Rosen - Festschrift in Honour of Dietrich von Rosen. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030567736 - 9783030567729
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chi-square distribution is often assumed to hold for the asymptotic distribution of two times the log likelihood ratio statistic under the null hypothesis. Approximations are derived for the mean and variance of G2, the likelihood ratio statistic for testing goodness of fit in a s category multinomial distribution. The first two moments of G2 are used to fit the distribution of G2 to a noncentral chi-square distribution. The fit is generally better than earlier attempts to fit to scaled versions of asymptotic central chi-square distributions. The results enlighten the complex role of the dimension of the multivariate variable in relation to the sample size, for asymptotic likelihood ratio distribution results to hold.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Potential links between Baltic Sea submarine terraces and groundwater seeping
- 2020
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Ingår i: Earth Surface Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2196-6311 .- 2196-632X. ; 8:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) influences ocean chemistry, circulation, and the spreading of nutrients and pollutants; it also shapes sea floor morphology. In the Baltic Sea, SGD was linked to the development of terraces and semicircular depressions mapped in an area of the southern Stockholm archipelago, Sweden, in the 1990s. We mapped additional parts of the Stockholm archipelago, areas in Blekinge, southern Sweden, and southern Finland using high-resolution multibeam sonars and sub-bottom profilers to investigate if the sea floor morphological features discovered in the 1990s are widespread and to further address the hypothesis linking their formation to SGD. Sediment coring and sea floor photography conducted with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and divers add additional information to the geophysical mapping results. We find that terraces, with general bathymetric expressions of about 1 m and lateral extents of sometimes > 100 m, are widespread in the surveyed areas of the Baltic Sea and are consistently formed in glacial clay. Semicircular depressions, however, are only found in a limited part of a surveyed area east of the island of Asko, southern Stockholm archipelago. While submarine terraces can be produced by several processes, we interpret our results to be in support of the basic hypothesis of terrace formation initially proposed in the 1990s; i.e. groundwater flows through siltier, more permeable layers in glacial clay to discharge at the sea floor, leading to the formation of a sharp terrace when the clay layers above seepage zones are undermined enough to collapse. By linking the terraces to a specific geologic setting, our study further refines the formation hypothesis and thereby forms the foundation for a future assessment of SGD in the Baltic Sea that may use marine geological mapping as a starting point. We propose that SGD through the submarine sea floor terraces is plausible and could be intermittent and linked to periods of higher groundwater levels, implying that to quantify the contribution of freshwater to the Baltic Sea through this potential mechanism, more complex hydrogeological studies are required.
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| 7. |
- Kristensson Hallström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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eHealth as an Aid for Facilitating and Supporting Self-Management in Families with Long-Term Childhood Illness; Development, Evaluation, and Implementation in Clinical Practice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Health Promotion - Research and Best Practice for patients, staff and community. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction eHealth, defined by WHO as: “the transfer of health resources and healthcare by electronic means” are expected to increase communication between healthcare providers and patients and increase accessibility and patient participation in healthcare. The aim of this research programme is to: 1) develop a sustainable multidisciplinary environment for advancing, evaluating, and implementing models of eHealth to promote self-management for children and their families, and 2) increase the present knowledge of clinical and economic cost-effectiveness of eHealth as an aid for supporting self-management in families with long-term childhood illness. Method The research is performed in Sweden, Denmark, and Ethiopia and organized in three research domains: eHealth to enable and promote self-management in advanced paediatric care, eHealth for early diagnosis and treatment in paediatric care, and Co-Creation of multidisciplinary knowledge for the translation of eHealth in practice. The research follows a framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare. Through participatory design family members and care providers participate throughout the research process. Quantitative and qualitative data as well as health economics are collected in six clinical areas. Five general areas are run transversal. Results and conclusion Evidence-based best practices in developing and evaluating eHealth in paediatric healthcare will be suggested. As implementation is part of the programme, cost-effective eHealth directly benefiting families and healthcare services will be guaranteed.
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| 8. |
- Lindkvist, Rose Marie, et al.
(författare)
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“In a Way We Took the Hospital Home”—A Descriptive Mixed-Methods Study of Parents’ Usage and Experiences of eHealth for Self-Management after Hospital Discharge Due to Pediatric Surgery or Preterm Birth
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The costly and complex needs for children with long-term illness are challenging. Safe eHealth communication is warranted to facilitate health improvement and care services. This mixed-methods study aimed to describe parents’ usage and experiences of communicating with professionals during hospital-to-home-transition after their child’s preterm birth or surgery for col-orectal malformations, using an eHealth device, specifically designed for communication and support via nurses at the hospital. The eHealth devices included the possibility for daily reports, video calls, text messaging, and sending images. Interviews with 25 parents were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Usage data from eHealth devices were compiled from database entries and analyzed statistically. Parents using the eHealth device expressed reduced worry and stress during the initial period at home through effective and safe communication. Benefits described included keeping track of their child’s progress and having easy access to support whenever needed. This was corroborated by usage data indicating that contact was made throughout the day, and more among families living far away from hospital. The eHealth device potentially replaced phone calls and prevented unnecessary visits. The eHealth technique can aid safe self-treatment within child-and family-centered care in neonatal and pediatric surgery treatment. Future research may consider organization perspectives and health economics.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden: Submerged Landscapes of the Early Mesolithic
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Archaeology of Europe’s Drowned Landscapes. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030373665 - 9783030373672 ; , s. 77-93
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Daniel, 1982-
(författare)
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A ΔJ approach for nonlinear fatigue crack propagation : Experimental and numerical investigation of a ductile superalloy
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a product of an academic-industrial collaboration between the Division of Solid Mechanics at Linköping University and Siemens Energy AB. The focus is on enhancing the design optimisation procedures for high-temperature components in industrial gas turbines (IGT). The research is centred around the behaviour of the nickelbased high-temperature superalloy Haynes 230 under service-like conditions with predominant thermal loads. The aim is to improve fatigue crack propagation life predictions for nonlinear conditions.The research findings validate the thermal ageing fatigue effects on Haynes 230 as seen in existing literature, especially on constitutive properties and crack initiation. Additionally, it was observed that thermal ageing has a minor effect on the crack growth rate up to 600 °C, which can be managed by updating the crack driving force with thermally aged properties.The project mainly focused on nonlinear crack propagation at isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue conditions. A new method for crack length description, using a modified compliance method, is introduced. This method simplifies and enhances the accuracy of crack length measurements and has become an established method for evaluating the single edge notch specimen used in the project under thermo-mechanical fatigue conditions.The nonlinear fatigue parameter ΔJ was incorporated into both Finite element method (FEM) computations and test evaluations, revealing linear trends with crack growth rates in loglog. The research highlights the crucial role of crack opening in establishing a correlation between ΔJ and crack growth rate. It was also concluded that the linear fatigue fracture parameter ΔK tends to underestimate the crack growth behaviour, resulting in non-conservative outcomes if the elasto-plastic stresses from the tests are considered.Lastly, a constitutive description of Haynes 230, based on the Ohno-Wang theory, under negligible viscoplastic effects, and an extension of the cycle jumping procedure that takes into account the significant hardening between the initial and midlife stages of the material, is presented. By this the notched geometry in 3D could be simulated with satisfying accuracy.
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