| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-activation negativity in language brain potentials
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 64-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pre-activation negativity (PrAN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component indexing how constraining phonological cues are. It has an early phase (136-200 ms), with sources in the left auditory cortices, and a late phase (200 ms onwards), with sources in Broca’s area. The PrAN has been found for segmental and prosodic cues increasing the certainty about upcoming words, morphemes, grammatical structures, or lexicality. The phonological cues investigated have been Central Swedish, South Swedish, Danish, and English segmental phonemes, Central and South Swedish lexical tone accents, Danish stød, and Central Swedish boundary tones and left-edge boundary tones/initiality accents.
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| 3. |
- Boks, Marije, et al.
(författare)
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Increased incidence of late-onset inflammatory bowel disease and microscopic colitis after a Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 57:12, s. 1443-1449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In 2010, 27,000 inhabitants (45% of the population) of Östersund, Sweden, contracted clinical cryptosporidiosis after drinking water contaminated with Cryptosporidium hominis. After the outbreak, local physicians perceived that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and IBD-unclassified, and microscopic colitis (MC) increased. This study assessed whether this perception was correct.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) from the local health care region who were diagnosed with pathology-confirmed IBD or MC during 2006-2019. We collected and validated the diagnosis, date of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and sex from the Swedish quality register SWIBREG and electronic patient records. Population data were collected from Statistics Sweden. The incidences for 2006-2010 (pre-outbreak) and 2011-2019 (post-outbreak) were evaluated by negative binomial regression analysis and presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Data were analyzed for IBD, for UC and CD separately, and MC.RESULTS: During the study period, we identified 410 patients with new onset IBD and 155 new cases of MC. Overall, we found a trend toward an increased incidence of IBD post-outbreak (IRR 1.39, confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.94). In individuals ≥40 years old, the post-outbreak incidence significantly increased for IBD (IRR 1.69, CI 1.13-2.51) and CD (IRR 2.23, CI 1.08-4.62). Post-outbreak incidence of MC increased 6-fold in all age groups (IRR 6.43, CI 2.78-14.87).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of late-onset IBD and MC increased after the Cryptosporidium outbreak. Cryptosporidiosis may be an environmental risk factor for IBD and MC.
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| 4. |
- Boks, Marije, et al.
(författare)
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Persisting symptoms after Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak : a 10-year follow-up from Östersund, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Parasitology Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0932-0113 .- 1432-1955. ; 122:7, s. 1631-1639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In late 2010, an outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis affected 27,000 inhabitants (45%) of Östersund, Sweden. Previous research shows that abdomen and joint symptoms commonly persist up to 5 years post-infection. It is unknown whether Cryptosporidium is associated with sequelae for a longer duration, how persisting symptoms present over time, and whether sequelae are associated with prolonged infection. In this prospective cohort study, a randomly selected cohort in Östersund was surveyed about cryptosporidiosis symptoms in 2011 (response rate 69.2%). A case was defined as a respondent reporting new diarrhoea episodes during the outbreak. Follow-up questionnaires were sent after 5 and 10 years. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between case status and symptoms reported after 10 years, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Consistency of symptoms and associations with case status and number of days with symptoms during outbreak were analysed using X 2 and Mann–Whitney U tests. The response rate after 10 years was 74% (n = 538). Case status was associated with reporting symptoms, with aOR of ~3 for abdominal symptoms and ~2 for joint symptoms. Cases were more likely to report consistent symptoms. Cases with consistent abdominal symptoms at follow-up reported 9.2 days with symptoms during the outbreak (SD 8.1), compared to 6.6 days (SD 6.1) for cases reporting varying or no symptoms (p = 0.003). We conclude that cryptosporidiosis was associated with an up to threefold risk for reporting symptoms 10 years post-infection. Consistent symptoms were associated with prolonged infection.
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| 5. |
- Botero, Carlos Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural and mechanical evaluation of a cr-mo-v cold-work tool steel produced via electron beam melting (Ebm)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 14:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a highly alloyed cold work tool steel, Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra, was manufactured via the electron beam melting (EBM) technique. The corresponding material microstructure and carbide precipitation behavior as well as the microstructural changes after heat treatment were characterized, and key mechanical properties were investigated. In the as-built condition, the mi-crostructure consists of a discontinuous network of very fine primary Mo-and V-rich carbides dispersed in an auto-tempered martensite matrix together with ≈15% of retained austenite. Adjusted heat treatment procedures allowed optimizing the microstructure by the elimination of Mo-rich carbides and the precipitation of fine and different sized V-rich carbides, along with a decrease in the retained austenite content below 2%. Hardness response, compressive strength, and abrasive wear properties of the EBM-manufactured material are similar or superior to its as-HIP forged counterparts manufactured using traditional powder metallurgy route. In the material as built by EBM, an impact toughness of 16–17 J was achieved. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was applied in order to further increase ductility and to investigate its impact upon the microstructure and properties of the material. After HIPing with optimized protocols, the ductility increased over 20 J.
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| 6. |
- Hamayun, Jawwad, et al.
(författare)
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Association between neonatal intakes and hyperglycemia, and left heart and aortic dimensions at 6.5 years of age in children born extremely preterm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivors of extremely preterm birth (gestational age < 27 weeks) have been reported to exhibit an altered cardiovascular phenotype in childhood. The mechanisms are unknown. We investigated associations between postnatal nutritional intakes and hyperglycemia, and left heart and aortic dimensions in children born extremely preterm. Postnatal nutritional data and echocardiographic dimensions at 6.5 years of age were extracted from a sub-cohort of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS; children born extremely preterm between 2004–2007, n = 171, mean (SD) birth weight = 784 (165) grams). Associations between macronutrient intakes or number of days with hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 8 mmol/L) in the neonatal period (exposure) and left heart and aortic dimensions at follow-up (outcome) were investigated. Neonatal protein intake was not associated with the outcomes, whereas higher lipid intake was significantly associated with larger aortic root diameter (B = 0.040, p = 0.009). Higher neonatal carbohydrate intake was associated with smaller aorta annulus diameter (B = −0.016, p = 0.008). Longer exposure to neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (B = 0.004, p = 0.008) and interventricular septum (B = 0.004, p = 0.010). The findings in this study indicate that postnatal nutrition and hyperglycemia may play a role in some but not all long-lasting developmental adaptations of the cardiovascular system in children born extremely preterm.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life after orthognathic surgery in Swedish patients : a register-based cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Materials and Methods: Patients subjected to orthognathic surgery due to dentofacial deformity (DFD) and registered in the National Register of Orthognathic Surgery (NROK) in Sweden between 2017 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Swedish-validated Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-OQLQ) was used to evaluate patient quality of life before and after surgery. The S-OQLQ measured each patient's subjective experience regarding social aspects.Results: Eighty-four participants were included in this cohort study, including 45 men (mean age 24.7 years), 48 women (mean age 23.4 years), and eight patients who stated no gender. Women generally graded several aspects of the S-OQLQ higher than men, including facial aesthetics p = 0.029), oral function (p < 0.001), and awareness of facial deformity (p = 0.0054). For all domains of the questionnaire (social, facial aesthetics, function, and awareness), a significant improvement was seen 6–24 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Women rated improvement of function and awareness of facial deformity higher than men (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively).Conclusion: Quality of life aspects of orthognathic surgery have a strong impact on the treatment outcome. Although functional impairment is often considered a major indication for surgery, the social and aesthetic influence of DFD is highly rated by patients, whereas pain is not an issue before or after treatment.
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| 8. |
- Karlström, Matti, 1965-
(författare)
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Didaktisk modellering av lärarstudenters reflektiva praktik vid planering av undervisning i naturvetenskap
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to extract didactic models that can support science teacher educators in developing pre-service science teachers' (PST) professional reflection. Developing PSTs to become reflective practitioners has been a prevailing aim in teacher education since the 1980s. There have been many descriptions of what constitutes reflective practice and how reflection occurs. At the same time, there is no support for developing PSTs' habit of reflection; many models for reflection lack empirical support and PSTs perceive them to be lacking relevance. One activity that involves reflection is lesson planning, therefore I examined twelve pre-service science student teams' planning conversations based on the overarching research question of how PSTs' reflection can be described and modelled when planning science lessons. Didactic models were created through didactic modelling, a process in which I created descriptions of PSTs' reflections and extracted components that together form models thatsupport the reflection involved in planning teaching. The results show that the moments of reflection differed from other parts of the planning conversations. During these moments the PSTs changed their perspectives on how to plan teaching, and the quality of the PSTs' reflections also differed. In addition, the PSTs' reflections were guided not only by the purposes presented in the instructions for the planning work, but they also formulated their own questions that they needed to seek answers to before they could complete the planning task. Based on these results, I created three models that emphasize: (1) the importance of openness in a task in order for it to give rise to an opportunity for reflection, (2) the different purposes that guide the pre-service teachers' planning work, and (3) the importance of responsibility, open-mindedness and whole-heartedness for achieving a more complete reflection. These models highlight different aspects of PSTs' reflection and contribute to a deeper understanding of PST reflective practice. The models can be used individually or in combination to model PSTs’ reflective practice. The results contribute with both methods for studying reflection, descriptions of PSTs' reflection, especially in planning, an area that has not previously been studied separately in relation to reflection, and models of different aspects of PSTs’ reflection, providing support for the analysis and design of teaching that aims to develop PSTs as reflective practitioners.
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| 9. |
- Koptyug, Andrey, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Electron Beam Melting: from Shape Freedom to Materials Properties Control at Macro- and Microscale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the THERMEC 2020, Graz, Austria. - : Trans Tech Publications. ; , s. 755-759
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron beam melting (EBM) is one of the constantly developing powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing technologies (AM) offering advanced control over the manufacturing process. Freedom of component shapes is one of the AM competitive advantages already used at industrial and semi- industrial scale. Development of the additive manufacturing today is targeting both widening of the available materials classes, and introducing new enabling modalities. Present research is related to the new possibilities in tailoring different material properties within additively manufactured components effectively adding “fourth dimension to the 3D-printing”. Specific examples are given in relation to the electron beam melting, but majority of the conclusions are valid for the laser-based PBF techniques as well. Through manipulating beam energy deposition it is possible to tailor quite different material properties selectively within each manufactured component, including effective material density as well as thermal, mechanical, electrical and acoustic properties. It is also possible to acquire by choice both metal-metal composite and completely alloyed material, when blends of precursor powder are used together with the beam energy manipulation.
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| 10. |
- Köpsén, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Midwives' and diabetes nurses' experience of screening and care of women with gestational diabetes mellitus : a qualitative interview study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nursing Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1429 .- 2090-1437. ; 2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and child. The metabolic demands of pregnancy can reveal a predisposition for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and women with a history of GDM are more likely to develop T2DM than women with normoglycemic pregnancies.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore midwives' and diabetes nurses' experience of their role in screening, care, and follow-up of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and, further, to explore their opinions and thoughts about existing routines and guidelines.Method: Individual interviews were performed with ten diabetes nurses and eight midwives working in primary and special care. Qualitative content analysis was done according to Graneheim and Lundman.Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in the overall theme "An act of balance between normalcy and illness, working for motivation with dilemmas throughout the chain of health care."Difficulties in carrying out the important task of handling GDM while at the same time keeping the pregnancy in focus were central. Women were described as highly motivated to maintain a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy with the baby in mind, but it seemed difficult to maintain this after delivery, and compliance with long-term follow-up with the aim of reducing the risk of T2DM was low. The women came to the first follow-up but did not continue with later contact. This was at a time when the women felt healthy and were focusing on the baby and not themselves. A lack of cooperation and easy access to a dietician and physiotherapist were pointed out as well as a wish for resources such as group activities and multiprofessional teams.
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