| 1. |
- Hoshino, Hiroshi, et al.
(författare)
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Increased elastase and myeloperoxidase activity associated with neutrophil recruitment by IL-17 in airways in vivo
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - 0091-6749. ; 105:1 Pt 1, s. 143-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A recent study demonstrated that intratracheal administration of the T-lymphocyte cytokine IL-17 recruits neutrophils into airways in vivo by C-X-C chemokine release. It is not known whether IL-17 may also activate airway neutrophils. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether IL-17 activates neutrophils in airways in vivo and, if so, whether the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta modulates this action of IL-17. METHODS: Intratracheal administration of human (h) IL-17 or rat (r) IL-1beta or hIL-17 plus rIL-1beta in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats was followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 6 hours later. The BAL fluid was characterized in terms of neutrophil count, of the activity for myeloperoxidase (MPO), and in some cases of the activity for elastase (ELA). Isolated rat neutrophils were stimulated with hIL-17 in vitro, followed by characterization of MPO activity in the cell medium. RESULTS: hIL-17 (1 microg) increased the ELA and the MPO activity, as well as the neutrophil count in BAL fluid, whereas the proinflammatory cytokine rIL-1beta (2.5 ng) did not. Pretreatment with rIL-1beta enhanced IL-17induced ELA and MPO activity, without increasing the neutrophil count. The BAL ELA activity was inhibited by a specific inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases. Stimulation with hIL-17 in vitro did not increase MPO activity in isolated neutrophils. CONCLUSION: IL-17 can activate neutrophils in association with their recruitment into the airways in vivo and this effect is probably achieved through induced release of mediators from other airway cells.
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| 2. |
- Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of screening procedures for congenital cataracts.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 92:12, s. 1468-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of two different Swedish screening procedures for early detection of congenital cataracts in comparison with no screening. METHODS: Children born between January 1992 and December 1998 in Swedish regions with an established eye-screening routine procedure, diagnosed with congenital cataract, and operated on before 1 y of age, were included in a retrospective study. Age at referral and age at time of the operation were compared between regions using different screening procedures: screening in the maternity wards (Region 1), at the well-baby clinics (Region 2) and one region without any screening (Region 3). RESULTS: Seventy-two children were included in the study. Concerning early diagnosis and surgery, Region 1 differed significantly from Regions 2 and 3, which were more similar and were combined for further analysis. The difference in detected cases was greatest at 21 d of age (55% vs 18%; p < 0.001), but persisted even at 100 d of age (78% vs 64%; p < 0.02). Region 1 screening resulted in more and earlier cases detected than the other two regions (22 vs 15 per 100,000 births). In 72% of all cases, surgery was performed in response to referrals from either the maternity wards (36%), or the well-baby clinics (36%). However, half of the cases from the well-baby clinics were detected too late, i.e. at > 100 d. CONCLUSION: Eye screening in the maternity ward is preferable to well-baby clinic screening and to no screening at all, since it leads to early detection. Screening should also be performed routinely at well-baby clinics within the period when successful treatment is possible.
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| 3. |
- Sjöstrand, Johan, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Declining visual acuity in healthy eyes with age. Calculation of loss of retinal ganglion cells in the elderly and old
- 2004
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - 0146-0404. ; 45
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the change in visual acuity in eyes without clinical signs of any disease from 70 to 88 years. An additional aim is to calculate the corresponding loss of retinal ganglion cells or functional channels. We find it important to specifically analyze the rate of change after 70 years of age where most previous studies only present scarce data. Methods: We used recently published population data of visual acuity (VA) in healthy eyes of subjects (n=104) from 70 to 88 years of age. An eye was defined as healthy when there were no clinical signs of disease. Loss of retinal ganglion cells or functional channels was predicted from changes of VA by using previously established relationships between cell separations in the retina and spatial resolution. Results: The rate of VA decline above 70 years of age is accelerated compared to previously published data on the decline between 30 and 69 years; 0.09 log MAR/10 years and 0.03 log MAR/10 years, respectively. The calculated annual loss of functional channels corresponding to the VA change is 0.65% before 70 years and 2.0% after 70 years of age. Conclusions: Even though morphological studies have shown only limited age related losses of cells involved in the visual processing of spatial resolution our analysis shows an accelerated decline of visual acuity after 70 years of age in eyes without obvious disease.
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