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- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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[Dim the light! Glare problems in a world with ever increasing demands on visual acuity] : Blända av!
- 1997
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 94:41, s. 3607-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ocular tissue transparency is dependent on the regular lattice configuration of lens and corneal fibres of uniform diameter. Ageing is associated with degeneration of both lens and cornea, which lose some of their structural order and eventually their transparency, though this process is not uniform. The structural changes are local and result in ocular media opacities. When the opacities increase in number and extension, they begin to affect visual acuity. As the loss of acuity becomes clinically significant, we speak of clinically relevant cataract. Retinal exposure to light diffused by intraocular light scattering induces optical glare, one of two forms of glare. The other form is transient glare--i.e., glare due to adaptation problems in an environment with rapidly changing ambient luminance. Contemporary society is characterised by increasing emphasis on visual information in such forms as texts, icons, signs and symbols. The computer revolution has been accompanied by further stress on the importance of the detection and interpretation of written instructions.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:6, s. 653-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In the Nordic countries 2 to 4% of the population squint or have been squinting. Since strabismus is one of the major causes of amblyopia early detection and treatment is important for preventing this development. For centuries it has been recognized that strabismus is hereditary. Identifying individuals with a family history of squinting could give access to a risk population for a selective screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1,571 children were selected for this study. All children that took part in a voluntary eye examination at one year of age (born 1978-1983) in the city of Vasteras, Sweden and that had a family history of strabismus were selected together with controls. The study was a 6-year follow-up from 1 to 7 years of age. Parental knowledge of squint among relatives and measured high hyperopia (>3.0 D) present at 1 year of age were each and in combination evaluated as a risk indicator for development of strabismus between 1 to 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that a family history of squint in combination with measured high hyperopia can be used in a selective screening to identify a population with an increased risk of 4 to 6 times for developing strabismus. Among the children with parental knowledge of squint among several relatives of both the parents, those with high hyperopia developed strabismus in almost every second case while this was the case in only approximately 10% of those with low hyperopia. Finally, heredity is an important risk indicator that can be used for selective screening purpose. Its potential as a risk indicator is substantially increased when combined with a high hyperopia.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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The occurrence of congenital cataract in western Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:5, s. 578-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To estimate the occurrence of congenital cataract in a Nordic country. Methods: In 1980, we constructed a database in the Department of Ophthalmology Goteborg University, containing basic data from all cases in western Sweden diagnosed with congenital cataract. By collecting and processing these data from 1980 onwards, we hoped to improve the management of congenital cataract treatment and to optimize the outcome of the treatment. Results: In this study, the incidence of congenital cataract in the four western counties of Sweden was evaluated. The occurrence rate of all cases with congenital cataract during the study period was 36 cases per 100 000. The occurrence rate for dense bilateral and all unilateral cases were both 14 per 100 000 each. Conclusion: There were no time-related changes in incidence of congenital cataract from 1980 until today, although there was a large variation in the yearly incidence.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium-dependent proteolysis in rabbit lens epithelium after oxidative stress
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ophthalmic Res. ; 30:3, s. 157-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine changes in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in the lens epithelium from whole rabbit lenses exposed to long-term oxidative stress at near physiological levels. Rabbit lenses, incubated in 50 microM H2O2 for 1 or 24 h, were checked for clarity and morphological changes in the epithelium. Proteolytic activity was measured in the epithelium using a fluorogenic synthetic substrate; N-succinyl-Leu-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylocoumarin, both in the presence and the absence of calcium (1 mM Ca2+ and 5 mM EDTA respectively). The effect on transparency and morphology of the epithelium following a 1-hour incubation in 100 microM H2O2 was also studied. Lenses incubated in 50 microM H2O2 were clear even after 24h. After a 1-hour incubation in 50 microM H2O2 the epithelium of the exposed lens appeared normal. However, after 24 h the epithelium cells appeared swollen and microscopical examination showed extensive intracellular and subepithelial vacuolization. Incubation in 100 microM H2O2 for 1 h caused loss of transparency; vacuole formation, globulization of the superficial lens fibers and death of the epithelial cells. There was a 55% increase in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity after 1 h in 50 microM H2O2, implying a role for the calcium-activated protease calpain in oxidatively induced cataract.
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| 5. |
- Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a health education programme for elderly with age-related macular degeneration: a focus group study.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Patient education and counseling. - 0738-3991. ; 34:1, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related macular degeneration is a serious public health problem, and in most cases no cure exists. One available intervention is low vision rehabilitation, and there is a lack of programmes for the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an evaluation of a group-based health education programme. This programme comprised six to eight 2-3 hour meetings, once a week, for persons with age-related macular degeneration. Each group consisted of four to six participants. The goal of the programme, which has its roots in the health belief model, was to sustain and restore the participants' performance of their daily activities. The tool used for process evaluation was focus group methodology, and eight focus groups were involved. Forty five persons, whose average age was 80 years, took part in the evaluation. The results indicated that the participants were, on the whole, pleased with the content of the programme. There were, however, some indications that they did not understand all the information provided. Social support, regained hope and meeting others with the same disease were reported as positive aspects of the health education programme. The importance of the group leader's role in guiding this health education programme was emphasised. Furthermore, with regard to the composition of the groups, the participants pointed out that it was important to consider variation in visual acuity, so as to provide different models for comparison, and whether both sexes should participate in all groups. Finally, several suggestions for improving the programme are put forward.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Jan-Olof, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Proteolysis in human lens epithelium determined by a cell-permeable substrate
- 1999
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Ingår i: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. ; 40:1, s. 261-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To develop a system for continuous evaluation of proteolytic activity in human lens epithelium and to characterize factors of importance for the regulation of proteolytic activity in lens epithelial cells. METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells were obtained during cataract surgery. Capsule epithelium specimens consisted of the central parts of the anterior capsule and the underlying lens epithelium. The sample, with the cell-permeable substrate Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, was placed in a chamber, which was placed in a thermostat-controlled aluminum block. Fluorescence changes were continuously measured by the fiber optics of the luminometer, which was placed 5 mm above the buffer surface. RESULTS: After administration of substrate to the medium overlying the cells, the substrate was degraded at a relatively slow rate. Approximately 10 picomoles of amino-4-methylcoumarin were formed per minute. A significant increase of proteolytic activity could be observed after application of 1 microM ionomycin or 2 microM thapsigargin. No leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells was observed during these procedures. Basal proteolytic activity was totally inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Lactacystin also attenuated the response to ionomycin and thapsigargin. CONCLUSIONS: Human lens epithelium responds to increased Ca levels from external or internal stores with an increased proteolytic activity that may be mediated by calpain, by the proteasome, or by both. This calcium-dependent change in proteolytic activity may be of importance in the development of cataract.
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