| 1. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Disruptions and diversions : the demographic consequences of natural disasters in sparsely populated areas
- 2021
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Ingår i: The demography of disasters. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030499198 - 9783030499204 ; , s. 81-99
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Eight Ds model (Carson and Carson 2014) explains the unique characteristics of human and economic geography for sparsely populated areas (SPAs) as disconnected, discontinuous, diverse, detailed, dynamic, distant, dependent and delicate. According to the model, SPAs are subject to dramatic changes in demographic characteristics that result from both identifiable black swan events and less apparent tipping points in longer-term processes of demographic change (Carson et al. 2011). The conceptual foundations for this assertion are clear. Populations in SPAs can experience large and long-term impacts on the overall demographic structureas a result of decisions by a relatively small number of people. High levels of migration and mobility cause constant shifts in the demographic profile and prime SPAs to adapt to many different demographic states (Carson and Carson 2014). The Northern Territory of Australia, for example, experienced previously unseen waves of pre-retirement aged migrants in the past decade or so (Martel et al. 2013) as evidence of detailed but important changes to past trends. However, while dramatic demographic changes are conceptually possible and occasionally observable, there have been few attempts to examine the conditions under which such changes are likely to occur or not to occur. This is an important question particularly in relation to black swan events such as natural disasters because effective disaster management policy and planning is at least partially dependent on understanding who is affected and in what ways (Bird et al. 2013). The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to begin the process of identifying the conditions under which dramatic demographic responses to natural disasters in SPAs might occur. In the process, we introduce two new 'Ds' with which to describe the nature of demographic change. We propose that natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, earthquakes, bushfires, landslides, avalanches and crop failures present the potential to disrupt or to divert demographic development.
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| 2. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Ramverk för att prioritera och bedöma nyttan av klimatanpassningsåtgärder
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klimatförändringarna är idag påtagliga och även om vi snabbt får ner utsläppen av växthusgaser kommer fler, mer omfattande och mer kostsamma klimatrelaterade händelser att inträffa alltmer ofta. Kostnaderna inom den svenska transportsektorn för klimatrelaterade händelser som skadar gator, vägar, spår-/järnväg, med flera sårbara delar av infrastrukturen är stora redan idag och förväntas öka. Översvämningar, bränder och skador till följd av väderrelaterade händelser på anläggningar resulterar bland annat i minskad framkomlighet och en ökad risk för olyckor. För att upprätthålla transportsystemets funktion är det därför viktigt att vi vidtar riskreducerande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten och omfattningen av negativa konsekvenser av både dagens klimat- och väderrelaterade händelser men framför allt för att hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser. Det är nödvändigt att säkerställa transportsystemets funktion vid extrema väderhändelser, och under perioder av långvarig nederbörd, långvariga värmeböljor och förändrade nederbördsmönster. Det gäller också att redan idag möjliggöra anpassningsåtgärder för att hantera långsiktiga förändringar som höjd havsvattennivå och grundvattennivåer, som påverkar infrastrukturens framkomlighet och livslängd.I denna rapport presenteras sammanfattande resultat och en sammanfattning av hur ett ramverk för att utvärdera klimatrelaterade effektsamband har använts. Med effektsamband avses att identifiera, bedöma och värdera klimatrelaterade risker och riskreducerande åtgärder. I denna rapport är fokus på att identifiera, bedöma och utvärdera effektiviteten av klimatrelaterade åtgärder. Resultatet av det framtagna ramverket kan användas för att analysera riskreducerande åtgärders effekter, det vill säga för att bedöma om det är relevant att genomföra en åtgärd, när i tiden den bör genomföras samt för att bedöma vilken åtgärd som är mest relevant att genomföra. De risker som beaktas genom fallstudier innefattar brandrisk, olycksrisk på gator och vägar på grund av nollgenomgångar eller värme, översvämning, erosion och skred och påverkan på vägkonstruktionen (spårbildning, bärighet och utmattning), solkurvor och risker vid kraftiga vindar. Testerna har innefattat faro- och riskidentifiering, riskanalys, identifiering och utvärdering av möjliga åtgärder. Exempel på fallstudier är Gävleregnet 2021, ett skyfall i Kungsbacka kommun 2019, erosionsrelaterade förändringar under lång tid vid Österdalälven och beräkningar av påverkan av temperatur, fuktighet och förändringar i tjälförändringsmönster på vägkonstruktionen vid E10 vid Svappavaara. I en av de fallstudier som sammanfattas i rapporten redovisas även en monetär värdering och känslighetsanalys. Ramverket har också legat till grund för en diskussion avseende klimatrelaterade risker kopplade till elförsörjning.
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| 3. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsunderlag om möjliga icke-torskfiskerelaterade åtgärder för att torskbestånd ska bevaras och återhämta sig i svenska vatten
- 2020
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Torsk (Gadus morhua) är en viktig art för marina ekosystem i Sverige, där den har en strukturerande och reglerande funktion i relation till andra arter. Torsken har under historiens gång även spelat en viktig roll för samhället i Sverige inom dess nuvarande gränsers område (Bohuslän har t.ex. inte alltid tillhört Sverige), som en målart för fiske. Samtliga torskbestånd som återfinns i havsområdena runt Sverige har nu dålig status och det internationella havsforskningsrådet ICES rekommenderar låg eller ingen fångst, beroende på bestånd. Utöver riktat fiske påverkas dock torsken av en rad andra faktorer som exempelvis bifångster i annat fiske, syrebrist, klimatförändringar, predatorer, parasiter, bottenpåverkan av trålning, förlust av uppväxtmiljöer, födobrist, tiaminbrist och giftiga ämnen. Denna rapport diskuterar möjligheter att skydda och bevara torsken på sätt som kan komplettera begränsningar i det riktade torskfisket. Torskens situation är komplex och rapporten är därför skriven utifrån ett ekosystemperspektiv för att möjliggöra en bredare ansats i förvaltningen av torskbestånd i svenska vatten, där alla relevanta påverkansfaktorer bör beaktas. Det bör poängteras att denna rapport inte har gjort någon ny utredning av påverkansfaktorernas effekter, utan har istället gjort en litteratursammanställning och en kvalitativ analys. Vi har ändå valt att lyfta fram vissa åtgärder som särskilt potentiellt betydelsefulla - en samlad kvalitativ expertbedömning som rangordnar olika åtgärders effektivitet för återuppbyggnad per bestånd, se avsnitt 6 i rapporten.
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| 4. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Which factors can affect the productivity and dynamics of cod stocks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 223
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak (N. Europe) have been strongly exploited for decades bringing them into an enduringly depleted status. Scientific cod stock related advice for targeted and mixed fisheries is provided on an annual basis by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea. This advice forms a basis for ministerial decisions on, e.g., the total allowable catch and management plans. Despite measures to reduce fishing-induced mortality of cod, such as catch and effort restrictions, increased gear selectivity, closed areas and seasons, clear signs of recovery are yet to be seen. Thus, traditional advice for the management of these stocks may have to be complemented by advice on supporting measures focusing on other pressures hampering the recovery of cod. The present study elaborates on potential supportive measures for cod stock recovery in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, and Skagerrak (including local populations where applicable), based on current knowledge. The list of measures presented here is the outcome of in-depth discussions on the state-of-the-art knowledge, among cod experts and further with stakeholders with the aim to follow principles of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Following the identification of different pressures on and prerequisites for the separate stocks, the listed measures differ between stocks and include cod bycatch mortality reduction, alterations in fisheries affecting food sources for cod, restocking, protection of juvenile habitats, and reduced predation. The literature review and the list of measures are intended to provide decision-support for managers and policymakers aiming to provide conditions for the cod stocks to recover.
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| 5. |
- Byrne, Liam, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls using Biaryl 2,5-Diphenylphospholanes as Ligands for Palladium-Catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1615-4150 .- 1615-4169. ; 363:1, s. 259-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe the development of biaryl 2,5-diphenylphospholanes as a new class of C-2-symmetric, monodentate ligands for asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura (ASM) reactions. Screening of a series of exemplary phospholanes led to the identification of two ligands that were used to prepare a range of atropisomeric biaryl and heterobiaryl products with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 e.r.) under mild conditions. DFT studies suggest that the formation of a constraining ligand pocket and coordination of one of the biaryl methoxy groups in the optimised ligands to the metal centre is crucial for restricting conformational freedom in the bond-forming step.
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| 6. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults : The SCAPIS cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 32:5, s. 866-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an “at-risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Flaquer, Berta
(författare)
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Urbanization as Socionatures' Reproduction: from Territories of Extraction
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through an engagement with the strand of critical urban theory, this dissertation brings the reworkings of Henri Lefebvre’s notion of ‘planetary urbanisation’ into a new synthesis with further inputs from urban political ecology and feminism—towards developing an ecofeminist lens to urbanization. Guided by the hypothesis “urbanization has been historically sustained through the patriarchal domination of women and nature’s reproduction,” the thesis seeks to critically explore how urbanization processes have historically and multiscalarly recurrently transformed the spatial configurations of reproduction from territories of extraction. It does so by engaging with the long durée historical problematique of the malm territory of extraction, as situated from Swedish Sápmi and through an intersectional ecofeminist approach. From the mid-1500s—Indigenous Sámi, Natures, and the bodies of especially women—have been violently subordinated through patriarchal-colonial-capitalist urbanization processes. Across scales and time, the so-called production has been designed by and for the BWMAh* as extraction. Through the malm territory—within and beyond Sweden—this has taken the form of iron ore mining, but also historically in linkage with other forms (i.e. fur and leather, large-scale reindeer, fishing, agriculture, forestry, coal, hydropower, research and development, tourism, data centres, fertilizers, space industry, dredging, fossil-free steel, or fossil- free hydrogen). Backgrounded and at the basis, however, extraction has been sustained through the violent domination of nature and women’s reproduction, as through the witch-hunts in different forms historically and still ongoing, femicides, the creation of the ideals of ‘the good woman,’ the myth of ‘the strong Sámi women,’ successive scientific revolutions, race biology, genetics, industrial colonialism, or the new green colonialism. Under the current ‘green everything’ transition where once again capital’s project is rearticulating and preparing for the next wave of accumulation underway—through an ever-backgrounded and deeper preceding crisis of reproduction—, it is ever more relevant to question the spatiality of the reproduction processes and the ways in which earlier rearticulations have dominated the reproduction of life in new forms.The malm territory is then synchronically and diachronically mapped yet foregrounding the processes of subordination of nature and women—across scales and time—building up the ‘palimpsests of extraction.’ It uses Corboz’s metaphor of ‘the territory as palimpsest’ and expands its conception as a mapping method beyond cartography, to explore in which ways reproduction relations have been masked and not represented historically. The dissertation then goes on to argue that the existing literature on planetary urbanisation has been giving ontological priority to production, and this has precluded an analysis of the actual reproduction relations that have been at the root sustaining life however subordinated in the complete urbanization of society. By advancing an ecofeminist materialist lens to urbanization that reads—representationally and spatially—grasping the complex specificities through the key moments of rearticulation of patriarchal-colonial-capitalist urbanization—temporally and multiscalarly—in the long durée history of the malm territory yet foregrounding the forms of subordination of nature and women, I focus on the linkages that can be drawn between the relations of domination and alternatively collectively transformed.* BWMAh: Bourgeois White Male Adult heterosexual
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| 8. |
- Mirzanamadi, Raheb, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral Track Buckling in Sweden : Insights from Operators and Infrastructure Managers
- 2024
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Ingår i: CivilEng. - : MDPI. - 2673-4109. ; 5:1, s. 136-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rail transport is expected to become a key component in the development of a long-term sustainable transport system. The planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of railway infrastructure are crucial in this effort. Hence, it is essential to ascertain that the railway infrastructure withstands and is adapted to extreme weather conditions and climate change. This study focuses on evaluating climate adaptation measures for lateral track buckling in Sweden. Through a literature review and interview with an expert at Swedish Transport Administration, it is highlighted that the maintenance status of railway infrastructure plays a significant role in the occurrence of lateral track buckling. According to the expert, inadequate track maintenance is the primary cause of lateral track buckling rather than weather variables like air temperature. The interview also clarifies that the chain of events related to the handling of track buckling is mainly initiated by the observation of a discrete lateral irregularity by a train driver, whereupon the train dispatcher at the traffic management center stops traffic until the location in the track has been inspected by a track entrepreneur. During the inspection, up to half of the observed cases of track buckling turn out to be false.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Olanders, Gustav, 1991-
(författare)
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Computational Modeling of Macrocycles and Structure-Based Design of Novel Antibacterial Compounds
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The integration of computational methods into the drug discovery process provides valuable tools to help advance new and improved drugs into the clinic. As medicinal chemists explore novel targets and new areas of chemical space, our computational toolkit must also evolve.Macrocycles are high-value scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their attractive physiochemical properties and intricate interactions with biomolecules. However, given the significant challenges associated with their synthesis, improved computational tools are required to both understand macrocycle conformation and binding preferences and to also efficiently guide medicinal chemistry efforts. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the evaluation, optimization and application of computational methods for macrocycle drug discovery.Our initial work, Paper I, investigated both rigid and flexible macrocycle docking techniques. This showed that rigid docking of conformational ensembles generated using a range of sampling methods could result in significant differences in docking accuracy. Furthermore, we showed that either rigid docking of MD/LLMOD generated conformers or flexible docking could be applied.In Paper II, we conducted further investigations of macrocycle conformational sampling by comparing more general sampling methods to those specialized towards macrocyclic scaffolds. The study showed that the general conformational sampling methods perform well compared with the more specialized methods. Our work also shows that the general methods can themselves be modified for improved macrocycle sampling.Building on these findings, Paper III compares the conformational preferences of linear ligands and their closely related macrocyclic analogs. Interestingly, our analysis showed that for many of the macrocyclic ensembles they were not significantly more focused towards the bioactive conformation than their linear analogs.In Paper IV, our computational toolkit was used to design novel antibacterial macrocycles targeting signal peptidase I. Here we developed macrocyclic compounds with nanomolar inhibitory activity against signal peptidase I, which also showed antibacterial activity.
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