| 1. |
- Fairbairn, M., et al.
(författare)
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Stable massive particles at colliders
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573. ; 438:1, s. 1-63
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the theoretical motivations and experimental status of searches for stable massive particles (SMPs) which could be sufficiently long-lived as to be directly detected at collider experiments. The discovery of such particles would address a number of important questions in modern physics including the origin and composition of dark matter in the universe and the unification of the fundamental forces. This review describes the techniques used in SNIP-searches at collider experiments and the limits so far obtained on the production of SMPs which possess various colour, electric and magnetic charge quantum numbers. We also describe theoretical scenarios which predict SMPs along with the phenomenology needed to model their production at colliders and interactions with matter. In addition, the interplay between collider searches and open questions in cosmology such as dark matter composition is addressed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1
- 2008
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Ingår i: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655. ; 178:11, s. 852-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe PYTHIA program is a standard tool for the generation of high-energy collisions, comprising a coherent set of physics models for the evolution from a few-body hard process to a complex multihadronic final state. It contains a library of hard processes and models for initial-and final-state parton showers, multiple parton-parton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation and particle decays. It also has a set of utilities and interfaces to external programs. While previous versions were written in Fortran, PYTHIA 8 represents a complete rewrite in C++. The current release is the first main one after this transition, and does not yet in every respect replace the old code. It does contain some new physics aspects, on the other hand, that should make it an attractive option especially for LHC physics studies.
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| 3. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8479. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics 'events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.
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| 4. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Transverse-momentum-ordered showers and interleaved multiple interactions
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 39:2, s. 129-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a sophisticated framework for high-energy hadronic collisions, wherein different QCD physics processes are interleaved in a common sequence of falling transverse-momentum values. Thereby phase-space competition is introduced between multiple parton-parton interactions and initial-state radiation. As a first step we develop new transverse-momentum-ordered showers for initial- and final-state radiation, which should be of use also beyond the scope of the current article. These showers are then applied in the context of multiple interactions, and a few tests of the new model are presented. The article concludes with an outlook on further aspects, such as the possibility of a shower branching giving partons participating in two different interactions.
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