| 1. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 86:6, s. 400-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the effects of breast feeding habits on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the Scandinavian countries between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995 were invited to participate, each with parents of four matched controls. The odds ratios presented were computed by conditional logistic regression analysis.After adjustment for smoking during pregnancy, paternal employment, sleeping position, and age of the infant, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 5.1 (2.3 to 11.2) if the infant was exclusively breast fed for less than four weeks, 3.7 (1.6 to 8.4) for 4-7 weeks, 1.6 (0.7 to 3.6) for 8-11 weeks, and 2.8 (1.2 to 6.8) for 12-15 weeks, with exclusive breast feeding over 16 weeks as the reference. Mixed feeding in the first week post partum did not increase the risk.The study is supportive of a weak relation between breast feeding and SIDS reduction.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome in Sweden 1973-1996.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 84:1, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, there was a significant rise in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Scandinavia. Following the risk reducing campaign, the incidence has fallen to about the same level as in 1973.To identify the changes that have occurred in the epidemiology of SIDS.We compared the Swedish part of the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study (NESS), covering the years 1992-1995, with two earlier, descriptive studies during this period. To assess the changing effects of risk factors, we analysed data from the Medical Birth Registry of Sweden, covering the years 1973-1996.There was a predominance of deaths during weekends in the 1970s and 1990s. The seasonal variation was most notable in the 1980s. The proportion of young mothers decreased from 14% to 5%. Cohabitation (living with the biological father) was as frequent in the 1990s as in the 1970s. The prevalence of high parity, admissions to neonatal wards, low birth weight, prematurity, and multiple pregnancies were all increased in the 1990s compared to the 1970s. No significant change in the prevalence of previous apparent life threatening events was found. Deaths occurring in cars diminished from 10% to below 2%. In the data from the Medical Birth Registry of Sweden, there were significantly increased odds ratios after the risk reducing campaign of the risk factors smoking during early pregnancy and preterm birth. We could find no increased effects of maternal age, parity, or being small for gestational age over time. The rate of deaths at weekends remained increased; the median age at death fell from 90 to 60 days. Seasonal variation was less notable in the periods of low incidence.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin A and sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia 1992-1995.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 92:2, s. 162-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the effect of vitamin supplementation on the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the Scandinavian countries were invited to participate together with parents of four matched controls between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995. The odds ratios presented are computed by conditional logistic regression analysis.The crude odds ratio in Scandinavia for not giving vitamin substitution was 2.8 (95% CI (1.9, 4.3)). This effect was statistically significant in Norway and Sweden, which use A and D vitamin supplementation, but not in Denmark, where only vitamin D supplementation is given. The odds ratios remained significant in Sweden when an adjustment was made for confounding factors (OR 28.4, 95% CI (4.7, 171.3)).We found an association between increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome and infants not being given vitamin supplementation during their first year of life. This was highly significant in Sweden, and the effect is possibly connected with vitamin A deficiency. This effect persisted when an adjustment was made for potential confounders, includingsocioeconomic factors.
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| 4. |
- Daltveit, A K, et al.
(författare)
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Circadian variations in sudden infant death syndrome: associations with maternal smoking, sleeping position and infections. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 92:9, s. 1007-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study circadian variation in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and possible associations with risk factors for SIDS.A questionnaire-based case-control study matched for place of birth, age and gender was conducted in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. The study comprised 244 SIDS victims and 869 control infants between September 1992 and August 1995. The main outcome was hour found dead.A significant circadian pattern was observed among the 242 SIDS victims with a known hour found dead, with a peak at 08.00-08.59 in the morning (n = 33). Of the SIDS victims, 12% were found dead at 00.00-05.59, 58% at 06.00-11.59, 21% at 12.00-17.59 and 9.0% at 18.00-23.59. When comparing night/morning SIDS and day/evening SIDS (found dead 00.00-11.59 and 12.00-23.59, respectively), the proportion of night/morning SIDS was high among infants of smoking mothers (81% vs 53%, p < 0.001), infants with a reported cold (82% vs 64%, p = 0.007) and infants sleeping side/supine (81% vs 60%, p < 0.001). No associations were observed between hour found dead and other sociodemographic risk factors for SIDS. Risk (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) of night/morning SIDS and day/evening SIDS was 7.0 (4.5-10.9) and 1.5 (0.8-2.5), respectively, for maternal smoking, 2.2 (1.5-3.1) and 0.6 (0.3-1.3), respectively, if the infant had a reported cold, 3.7 (2.1-6.6) and 3.1 (1.1-8.4), respectively, if the infant was put to sleep in the side position (supine reference), and 11.0 (5.9-20.2) and 21.6 (7.6-60.8), respectively, if the infant was put to sleep in the prone position.The observed higher proportion of night/morning cases in SIDS if the mother smoked, if the infant was reported to have a cold and if the infant was sleeping side/supine may contribute to the understanding of some epidemiological characteristics of SIDS.
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