| 1. |
- Johansson, Anna L., V, et al.
(författare)
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Were cancer patients worse off than the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic? : A population-based study from Norway, Denmark and Iceland during the pre-vaccination era
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In a population-based setting, we investigated the risks of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and developing severe COVID-19 outcomes among cancer patients compared with the general population.Methods In nationwide cohorts, we identified all individuals in Norway, Denmark and Iceland who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had a severe COVID-19 outcome (hospitalisation, intensive care, and death) from March until December 2020, using data from national health registries. We estimated standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing cancer patients with the general population.Findings During the first wave of the pandemic, cancer patients in Norway and Denmark had higher risks of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive compared to the general population. Throughout 2020, recently treated cancer patients were more likely to test SARS-CoV-2 positive. In Iceland, cancer patients experienced no increased risk of testing positive. The risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisation was higher among cancer patients diagnosed within one year of hospitalisation (Norway: SIR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.89-3.09; Denmark: 2.23, 1.96-2.54) and within five years (Norway: 1.58, 1.35-1.83; Denmark: 1.54, 1.42-1.66). Risks were higher in recently treated cancer patients and in those diagnosed with haematologic malignancies, colorectal or lung cancer. Risks of COVID-19-related intensive care and death were higher among cancer patients. Interpretation Cancer patients were at increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave when testing availability was limited, while relative risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes remained increased in cancer patients throughout 2020. Recent cancer treatment and haematologic malignancy were the strongest risk factors.
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| 2. |
- Christiansen, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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Crosscurrents of Swedish Mathematics Teacher Education
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Perspectives on Mathematics Teacher Education. - Charlotte, North Carolina : Information Age Publishin (IAP).
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mathematics teacher education includes the mathematics content teachers need to understand, the ways that pedagogical approaches are developed, the messages about the nature of mathematics teaching and learning, and the interface between tertiary preparation and school contexts. Scholars from Sweden, France, Malawi, Singapore, New Zealand, Brazil, the USA, and Canada provide insights for the mathematics education community’s understanding of how teacher educators in different countries structure, develop, and implement their respective mathematics teacher education programs. Several themes emerged across the chapters, including: varied approaches to developing culturally responsive pedagogies and/or Indigenous perspectives to ensure equity for all students; issues and challenges in fostering partnerships and collaborations among various stakeholders, with partnerships involving connections with mathematics classroom teachers, school districts, and/or mathematicians or mathematics departments; strategies for developing mathematics knowledge for teaching, providing insights into messages about what it means to learn mathematics in terms of content and pedagogy; and preparing teachers who have flexibility and resourcefulness. This book will be of interest to those responsible for higher education, including teacher educators, researchers in mathematics teacher education, instructors of graduate courses preparing future teacher educators, as well as policy makers.
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| 3. |
- Christiansen, Iben Maj, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The crosscurrents of Swedish mathematics teacher education
- 2021
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Ingår i: International perspectives on mathematics teacher education. - Waxhaw, NC, USA : Information Age Publishing. - 9781648026317 - 9781648026294 - 9781648026300 ; , s. 9-48
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As with any programs in teacher education, Swedish mathematics teacher education is influenced by changing political winds, developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), culture, history, PISA results, research-based program designs, and a fair amount of passion. Content and outcomes are nationally determined and include the requirement of a strong research foundation, but this is often not how practcing techers work, which exerts its own pull on teacher education. The specific implementations of programs take different forms at the universities that offer mathematics teacher education. In order to provide a comprehensive yet meaningful ntroduction to both the current system and current practices, we describe the overall organization of Swedish mathematics teacher education, and then offer short cases of implemented programs. To ensure inclusivity, the various parts are written by mathematics educators from the respective institutions. In this way, both variation across mathematicas teacher education for diffrent grade levels and variation across different institutions working with the same national directives can be distinguished. Issues such as the academization of teacher education are problematized, as are other forces that constitute the crosscurrents in Swedish mathematics teacher education.
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| 4. |
- de Ron, Anette, 1966-
(författare)
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Problemlösning i matematikdidaktik och lärarutbildning : Ett mångdisciplinärt utforskande och affirmativ kritik
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis in mathematics education is to produce knowledge about problem-solving as a broad and complex phenomenon in mathematics teacher education, historically and in the present. With a multidisciplinary approach and affirmative critique, possible new understandings of the phenomenon are investigated, extended and transformed in three sub-studies and two chapters in the wrapping. The thesis builds on previous research on teacher education but seeks to contribute to a multidimensional understanding of the phenomenon of problem-solving. The first sub-study provides a configurative research review that offers a picture of the different relationships in which problem-solving is involved, and how different aspects of problem-solving are highlighted and become complementary. The second sub-study is a discourse analysis of historical texts on problem-solving where the data consists of texts written for and by teachers from the 1840s and onwards. The sub-study shows how discursive truths about problem-solving are formed and consolidated over time. The third sub-study brings attention to the materiality of problem-solving teaching, and highlights how mathematics teaching in secondary school, in the form of classroom observations, can be understood in a new materialist perspective. In addition, the thesis includes further analysis of problem-solving – presented in two chapters in the wrapping – and as a consequence the thesis may is designed as a hybrid between a compilation thesis and a monograph. In one of the chapters, previous research is traced diffractively with regard to the arguments put forward as to why problem-solving is important. In the other chapter, the results of the three sub-studies are read diffractively, through and with feminist new materialism. The thesis spans over several theoretical-methodological fields and takes the reader on a walk through the problem-solving landscape. The overall results show that problem-solving is a composed phenomenon that appears in different ways in different theoretical perspectives and methodological starting points, as well as in different times and spaces. To summarize, the thesis shows that 1) there is a need for teacher education to encourage pre-service teachers to acknowledge the multiplicity regarding both knowledge of problem-solving and the solving of problems, 2) teaching in teacher education can make visible, but also question, dualities such as thinking–acting, body–soul, rationality–emotions, woman–male in order to find other ways of understanding problem-solving, 3) when aspects of gender, inequality and other sociopolitical issues are addressed in mathematics education content in teacher education, problem-solving can be linked even more to a societal context, 4) the consideration and handling of emotions in relation to mathematics is significant as a knowledge in itself and contributes to a more composed understanding of problem-solving, and 5) new dimensions of problem-solving can emerge when the planning of mathematics teaching is based on a relational understanding of learning and supported by new materialist theory. The thesis contributes with new ways of thinking about problem-solving as a composed phenomenon, what it can entail and become, and provides suggestions for an expanded and 'respons-able' understanding of problem-solving that can contribute to further develop mathematics education in teacher education.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Leading with a cool head and a warm heart : trait-based leadership resources linked to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42, s. 29559-29580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaders of today need to achieve well in terms of task performance, perceiving low stress, and having high levels of work engagement. One may ask whether trait-based leadership resource factors can be identified and how such resource factors might relate to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Our aim was to test the hypothesis, derived from Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, that there are trait-based leadership resource factors, which are differentially correlated to the leaders’ task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Leaders (N = 344) aged from 23 to 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) completed an online questionnaire including measures of task performance, perceived stress, work engagement, personality traits, trait emotional intelligence, empathy, performance-related self-esteem, compassionate and rational leadership competence, and coping resources for stress. Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four trait-based leadership resource factors. With Bonferroni adjustment, and controlling for sex, age, number of years in the current managerial position, self-deceptive enhancement, and impression management, only Rational Mastery was significantly positively correlated with task performance. Rational Mastery, Efficient Coping, and Modesty were negatively correlated with perceived stress, and all factors except Modesty, but including the fourth (Good-Heartedness) were positively correlated with work engagement. Organizations striving for sustainable work conditions should support trait-based leadership, which depends not only on a task-oriented resource such as rational mastery, but also on human-oriented resources such as efficient coping, modesty, and good-heartedness, all of them being differentially related to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement.
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| 7. |
- Pettersson Skog, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitetskriterier för regnbäddssubstrat
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quality criteria for rainbed substrates Rainbeds are an increasingly common feature of the urban environment, managing stormwater while greening the cityscape and reducing impervious surfaces. The function of rainbeds can be both to retain and purify stormwater before the water is further infiltrated or led to a recipient. However, rainbeds can also leach nutrients, as shown by previous projects that have looked at the quality of outgoing water from rainbeds. Today, there are no quality criteria to ensure the functionality of rainbeds and rainbed substrates. In an interview study, and in a questionnaire study, different professional groups (designers, clients, stormwater experts and researchers, etc.) who work with rainbeds were asked how they see the need for quality criteria, which criteria are most important, how guideline values and reduction factors can be developed and desirable channels for communicating quality criteria. It has been clear that guidance is in demand by the industry and that it is desirable to have some form of industry standard that can be published in AMA or as a publication by Svenskt Vatten, or similar. The criteria that were considered most important varied with different professional groups, but they agreed that different requirements should be set for different purposes of the rain garden. In an international analysis, international representatives were also interviewed about how possible quality criteria are applied in each country. Four Swedish substrate producers also contributed a total of 10 different samples of their rainbed substrates. These were sent for analysis together with a substrate developed according to recommendations from research on rainbed substrates, which was used as a reference. One purpose of the analyses was to characterize the rainbed substrates. Another aim was to see how the different methods correlate - whether more complicated and timeconsuming analyses can be replaced by simpler ones. The analytical methods to be performed were decided after discussions with routine labs about suitable and available methods. The methods chosen were two different nutrient analyses: AL analysis and Spurway analysis, and two different leaching tests, namely shake tests and column tests. The shake tests were done at L/S 2 and L/S 10 and repeated twice with the leachate. The column tests were performed on three substrates at L/S 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1, 2, 5 and 10. The focus of the evaluation was on nutrient content and leaching. The nutrient content was evaluated based on guideline values for nutrient content according to AMA and Hässelby-Skälby garden laboratory. The leaching was evaluated based on guideline values for the city of Gothenburg and guideline values according to the guideline group, level 3VU. The elements that exceeded the guideline values were mainly cadmium, copper, phosphorus and nitrogen. The phosphorus leaching exceeded the guideline values in all substrates at L/S 2 and only the reference substrate was below the guideline values at L/S 10. In the repeated leaching, the phosphorus content gradually decreased but did not fall below the detection limit in any of the substrates except in the reference substrate at the last leaching. It should be emphasized that although the leached content was above the guideline limits, the leached amounts were in the order of mg/kg DM, which corresponds to g/ton DM substrate. One conclusion is that the substrates available on the market today have been developed mostly to contribute to the retention of stormwater and to get the vegetation to grow. The substrates have a completely different character than what is recommended by research. Another conclusion is that it has not yet been established which analysis method is best suited to form the basis of quality criteria.
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| 8. |
- Råberg, Tora, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiella kolsänkor i Malmö stad
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöförvaltningen inom Malmö stad gav RISE uppdraget att identifiera möjligheter att öka kolsänkorna inom kommungränsen. Syftet med den här rapporten är att sammanställa ett brett underlag för klimatarbete med åtgärder som möjliggör en ökning av de lokala kolsänkorna i Malmö stads geografiska område. Genom att uppskatta olika åtgärders potential för kolinlagring, teknisk mognadsgrad och kostnadseffektivitet från ett klimatperspektiv, samt visa på vilka skalor det går att jobba med dessa åtgärder inom kommunen, avses rapporteringen ge en översikt över vilka satsningar som kan göras för att kolsänkorna ska kunna bidra till Malmö stads miljö- och klimatmål. Forskargruppen från RISE har analyserat 18 olika kategorier som har potential att öka den lokala kolinlagringen inom: • de urbana grönområdena, • den urbana infrastrukturen, bebyggd mark och tillhörande mark • rural markanvändning och • övriga möjligheter. I beräkningarna ingår inte klimatpåverkan från insatser som krävs för att genomföra åtgärderna, till exempel avverkning, uppdrivning och plantering av skogsplantor, transport av timmer och förädling av virke. I rapporten tas inte hänsyn till om en ökad användning av mark i en kategori, minskar markanvändning inom en annan kategori.
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| 9. |
- Skog, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment from Swedish Nurses`perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1539-0136 .- 1744-6155. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MethodsThis study is a qualitative interview study. The authors used the stimulated recall interview (SRI) with nurses working at a children's hospital in southern Sweden for the data collection. In total twelve nurses were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used for the data analysis.ResultsThe results are presented as one theme: Need for higher competencies and evidence, and three categories: Routines can enable pain assessment, Trusting one's own assessment of the whole picture, and Pain assessment scales as an extra workload. The interviewed nurses acknowledged that pain assessment tools are a vital part of the field of pain treatment. They also had trust issues with measuring and estimating pain by means of a tool such as pain scale. Furthermore, their opinion was that too many different tools and methods add up towards a more blurry and stress‐related environment and due to a lack of consistent routines, pain assessment is seen as a work‐related burden in the daily routines.ConclusionResults from the present study indicated that nurses need clear routines in combination with continued education regarding pain assessment with pain scales, which might be the key to successful pediatric pain assessment and thus to better pain management within pediatrics.
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| 10. |
- Tepper, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Influenza A/H4N2 mallard infection experiments further indicate zanamivir as less prone to induce environmental resistance development than oseltamivir
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 101:8, s. 816-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the gold standard treatment for influenza A virus (IAV). Oseltamivir is mostly used, followed by zanamivir (ZA). NAIs are not readily degraded in conventional wastewater treatment plants and can be detected in aquatic environments. Waterfowl are natural IAV hosts and replicating IAVs could thus be exposed to NAIs in the environment and develop resistance. Avian IAVs form the genetic basis for new human IAVs, and a resistant IAV with pandemic potential poses a serious public health threat, as NAIs constitute a pandemic preparedness cornerstone. Resistance development in waterfowl IAVs exposed to NAIs in the water environment has previously been investigated in an in vivo mallard model and resistance development was demonstrated in several avian IAVs after the exposure of infected ducks to oseltamivir, and in an H1N1 IAV after exposure to ZA. The N1 and N2 types of IAVs have different characteristics and resistance mutations, and so the present study investigated the exposure of an N2-type IAV (H4N2) in infected mallards to 1, 10 and 100 µg l−1 of ZA in the water environment. Two neuraminidase substitutions emerged, H274N (ZA IC50 increased 5.5-fold) and E119G (ZA IC50 increased 110-fold) at 10 and 100 µg l−1 of ZA, respectively. Reversion towards wild-type was observed for both substitutions in experiments with removed drug pressure, indicating reduced fitness of both resistant viruses. These results corroborate previous findings that the development of resistance to ZA in the environment seems less likely to occur than the development of resistance to oseltamivir, adding information that is useful in planning for prudent drug use and pandemic preparedness.
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