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- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Late Nonagenarians and Its Relationship with Dementia, Mortality, and Education.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 65:6, s. 1296-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine level of and change in cognitive status using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in relation to dementia, mortality, education, and sex in late nonagenarians.Three-year longitudinal study with examinations at ages 97, 99, and 100.Trained psychiatric research nurses examined participants at their place of living.A representative population-based sample of 97-year-old Swedes (N = 591; 107 men, 484 women) living in Gothenburg, Sweden.A Swedish version of the MMSE was used to measure cognitive status. Geriatric psychiatrists diagnosed dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Mixed models were fitted to the data to model the longitudinal relationship between MMSE score and explanatory variables.Individuals with dementia between age 97 and 100 had lower mean MMSE scores than those without dementia. Those who died during the 3-year follow-up had lower MMSE scores than those who survived. MMSE scores at baseline did not differ between those without dementia and those who developed dementia during the 3-year follow-up. Participants with more education had higher MMSE scores, but there was no association between education and linear change.MMSE score is associated with dementia and subsequent mortality even in very old individuals, although the preclinical phase of dementia may be short in older age. Level of education is positively associated with MMSE score but not rate of decline in individuals approaching age 100.
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- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study on subjective sleep disturbance and risk of dementia in 85-year-olds followed over 15 years.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, Vol. 13, Issue 7, P1043. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research indicates that sleep may play a role in the development of dementia. However, few studies have been conducted in the oldest-old ages. The aim of this study was to examinethe association between subjective sleep disturbance and incidentdementia in a population-based sample of 85-year-olds without dementia at baseline, followed until their death. Methods:Arepresen-tative sample of 85-year-olds (N¼494, 144 men, 350 women) were examined with comprehensive neuropsychiatric examinations. 147 individuals were excluded due to dementia at baseline, two subjects lacked data on subjective sleep disturbance, leaving 345 individuals. Sleep disturbance was assessed with a question regarding a subjective experience of decreased sleep during the last month while dementia during follow-up was diagnosed by geriatric psychiatrists according to DSM-III-R. Results: Subjective sleep disturbance at baseline wasnot related to incident dementia during follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.77-1.59). Conclusions: We found in populations-based sample of 85-year-olds that subjective sleep disturbance was not related to incident dementia during follow-up. Future research need to elucidate whether sleep disturbance affect older individuals differently in younger compared to older ages.
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- Thorvaldsson, Valgeir, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Better Cognition in New Birth Cohorts of 70 Year Olds, But Greater Decline Thereafter
- 2017
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - Cary, NC : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 72:1, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo evaluate birth cohort differences in level of cognition and rate of change in old age.MethodsData were drawn from three population-based Swedish samples including age-homogenous cohorts born 1901/02, 1906/07, and 1930, and measured on the same cognitive tests at ages 70, 75, and 79 as part of the Gerontological and Geriatric Populations Studies in Gothenburg (H70). We fitted growth curve models to the data using a Bayesian framework and derived estimates and inferences from the marginal posterior distributions.ResultsWe found moderate to large birth cohort effects in level of performance on all cognitive outcomes. Later born cohorts, however, showed steeper linear rate of decline on reasoning, spatial ability, and perceptual- and motor-speed, but not on picture recognition memory and verbal ability.DiscussionThese findings provide strong evidence for substantial birth cohort effects in cognition in older ages and emphasize the importance of life long environmental factors in shaping cognitive aging trajectories. Inferences from cognitive testing, and standardization of test scores, in elderly populations must take into account the substantial birth cohort differences. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.
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