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- Arvidsson Rådestig, Maya, et al.
(författare)
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Subtle Differences in Cognition in 70-Year-Olds with Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light and Neurogranin: A H70 Cross-Sectional Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 91:1, s. 291-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most research on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light protein (NfL) as a marker for neurodegeneration and neurogranin (Ng) for synaptic dysfunction has largely focused on clinical cohorts rather than population-based samples. Objective: We hypothesized that increased CSF levels of NfL and Ng are associated with subtle cognitive deficits in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. Methods: The sample was derived from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies and comprised 258 CU 70-year-olds, with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of zero. All participants underwent extensive cognitive testing. CSF levels of NfL and Ng, as well as amyloid beta(1-42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau, were measured. Results: Participants with high CSF NfL performed worse in one memory-based test (Immediate recall, p = 0.013) and a language test (FAS, p = 0.016). Individuals with high CSF Ng performed worse on the memory-based test Supra Span (p = 0.035). When stratified according to CSF tau and A beta(42) concentrations, participants with high NfL and increased tau performed worse on a memory test than participants normal tau concentrations (Delayed recall, p = 0.003). In participants with high NfL, those with pathologic A beta(42) concentrations performed worse on the Delayed recall memory (p = 0.044). In the high Ng group, participants with pathological A beta(42) concentrations had lower MMSE scores (p = 0.027). However, in regression analysis we found no linear correlations between CSF NfL or CSF Ng in relation to cognitive tests when controlled for important co-variates. Conclusion: Markers of neurodegeneration and synaptic pathology might be associated with subtle signs of cognitive decline in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds.
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- Dorr, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociating memory and executive function impairment through temporal features in a word list verbal learning task
- 2023
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Ingår i: NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is an established verbal learning test commonly used to quantify memory impairments due to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) both at a clinical dementia stage or prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Focal memory impairment-as quantified e.g. by the RAVLT-at an MCI stage is referred to as amnestic MCI (aMCI) and is often regarded as the cognitive phenotype of prodromal AD. However, recent findings suggest that not only learning and memory but also other cognitive domains, especially executive functions (EF) and processing speed (PS), influence verbal learning performance. This research investigates whether additional temporal features extracted from audio recordings from a participant's RAVLT response can better dissociate memory and EF in such tasks and eventually help to better describe MCI subtypes. 675 age-matched participants from the H70 Swedish birth cohort were included in this analysis; 68 participants were classified as MCI (33 aMCI and 35 due to executive impairment). RAVLT performances were recorded and temporal features extracted. Novel temporal features were correlated with established neuropsychological tests measuring EF and PS. Lastly, the downstream diagnostic potential of temporal features was estimated using group differences and a machine learning (ML) classification scenario. Temporal features correlated moderately with measures of EF and PS. Performance of an ML classifier could be improved by adding temporal features to traditional counts. We conclude that RAVLT temporal features are in general related to EF and that they might be capable of dissociating memory and EF in a word list learning task.
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- Hoff, Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing loss and cognitive function in early old age: comparing subjective and objective hearing measures.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0003 .- 0304-324X. ; 69:6, s. 694-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population-based research has consistently shown that people with hearing loss are at greater risk of cognitive impairment. We aimed to explore the cross-sectional association of both subjective and objective hearing measures with global and domain-specific cognitive function. We also examined the influence of hearing aid use on the relationship.A population-based sample (n=1105, 52% women) of 70-year-olds that were representative of the inhabitants of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden completed a detailed cognitive examination, pure-tone audiometry and a questionnaire regarding perceived hearing problems. A subsample (n=247, 52% women) also completed a test of speech-recognition-in-noise (SPRIN). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of hearing with cognitive function adjusting for sex, education, cardiovascular factors, and tinnitus.Global cognitive function was independently associated with the better ear pure-tone average across 0.5-4 kHz (PTA4, β=-0.13, 95% CI, -0.18, -0.07), the better ear SPRIN score (β=0.30, 95% CI, 0.19, 0.40), but not with the self-reported hearing measure (β=-0.02, 95% CI, -0.07, 0.03). Both verbally loaded and non-verbally loaded tasks, testing a variety of cognitive domains, contributed to the association. Hearing aid users had better global cognitive function than non-users with equivalent hearing ability. The difference was only significant in the mild hearing loss category.In a population-based sample of 70-year-old persons without dementia, poorer hearing was associated with poorer global and domain-specific cognitive function, but only when hearing function was measured objectively and not when self-reported. The speech-in-noise measure showed the strongest association. This highlights the importance of including standardized hearing tests and controlling for hearing status in epidemiological geriatric research. More research is needed on the role that hearing aid use plays in relation to age-related cognitive declines.
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- Najar, Jenna, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease in relation to cognitive change: A representative sample from the general population followed over 16 years.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - 0969-9961 .- 1095-953X. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease (AD-PRSs) have been associated with cognition. However, few studies have examined the effect of AD-PRS beyond the APOE gene, and the influence of genetic variants related to level of cognitive ability (COG-PRS) on cognitive performance over time in the general older population. Method: A population-based sample of 965 individuals born in 1930, with genetic and standardized cognitive data on six psychometric tests (Thurstone's picture memory, immediate recall of 10 words, Block design, word fluency, figure identification, delayed recall of 12 items), were examined at age 70, 75, 79, and 85 years. Non-APOE AD-PRSs and COG-PRSs (P < 5e−8, P < 1e−5, P < 1e−3, P < 1e−1) were generated from recent genome-wide association studies. Linear mixed effect models with random intercepts and slope were used to analyze the effect of APOE ε4 allele, AD-PRSs, and COG-PRSs, on cognitive performance and rate of change. Analyses were repeated in samples excluding dementia. Results: APOE ε4 and AD-PRS predicted change in cognitive performance (APOE ε4*age: β = −0.03, P < 0.0001 and AD-PRS *age: β = −0.01, P = 0.02). The results remained similar in the sample excluding those with dementia. COG-PRS predicted level of cognitive performance, while APOE ε4 and AD-PRS did not. COG-PRSs did not predict change in cognitive performance. Conclusion: We found that genetic predisposition of AD predicted cognitive decline among 70-year-olds followed over 16 years, regardless of dementia status, while polygenic risk for general cognitive performance did not.
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- Schaefer, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment Using a Machine Learning Classifier and the Remote Speech Biomarker for Cognition: Evidence from Two Clinically Relevant Cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 91:3, s. 1165-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Modern prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials might extend outreach to a general population, causing high screen-out rates and thereby increasing study time and costs. Thus, screening tools that cost-effectively detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at scale are needed. Objective: Develop a screening algorithm that can differentiate between healthy and MCI participants in different clinically relevant populations. Methods: Two screening algorithms based on the remote ki:e speech biomarker for cognition (ki:e SB-C) were designed on a Dutch memory clinic cohort (N= 121) and a Swedish birth cohort (N= 404). MCI classification was each evaluated on the training cohort as well as on the unrelated validation cohort. Results: The algorithms achieved a performance of AUC similar to 0.73 and AUC similar to 0.77 in the respective training cohorts and AUC similar to 0.81 in the unseen validation cohorts. Conclusion: The results indicate that a ki:e SB-C based algorithm robustly detectsMCIacross different cohorts and languages, which has the potential to make current trials more efficient and improve future primary health care.
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