| 1. |
- Sachdev, P.S., et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: A VASCOG statement
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. - 0893-0341. ; 28:3, s. 206-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Several sets of diagnostic criteria have been published for vascular dementia since the 1960s. The continuing ambiguity in vascular dementia definition warrants a critical reexamination. METHODS:: Participants at a special symposium of the International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) in 2009 critiqued the current criteria. They drafted a proposal for a new set of criteria, later reviewed through multiple drafts by the group, including additional experts and the members of the Neurocognitive Disorders Work Group of the fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Task Force. RESULTS:: Cognitive disorders of vascular etiology are a heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse pathologies and clinical manifestations, discussed broadly under the rubric of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). The continuum of vascular cognitive impairment is recognized by the categories of Mild Vascular Cognitive Disorder, and Vascular Dementia or Major Vascular Cognitive Disorder. Diagnostic thresholds are defined. Clinical and neuroimaging criteria are proposed for establishing vascular etiology. Subtypes of VCD are described, and the frequent cooccurrence of Alzheimer disease pathology emphasized. CONCLUSIONS:: The proposed criteria for VCD provide a coherent approach to the diagnosis of this diverse group of disorders, with a view to stimulating clinical and pathologic validation studies. These criteria can be harmonized with the DSM-5 criteria such that an international consensus on the criteria for VCD may be achieved. © 2014 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- O'Brien, John T, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a revised (second) consensus statement from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7285 .- 0269-8811. ; 25:8, s. 997-1019
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) coordinated a meeting of experts to review and revise its first (2006) Guidelines for clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs. As before, levels of evidence were rated using accepted standards which were then translated into grades of recommendation A to D, with A having the strongest evidence base (from randomized controlled trials) and D the weakest (case studies or expert opinion). Current clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia have sufficient accuracy to be applied in clinical practice (B) and brain imaging can improve diagnostic accuracy (B). Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) are effective for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (A) and memantine for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (A). Until further evidence is available other drugs, including statins, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin E and Ginkgo biloba, cannot be recommended either for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (A). Neither cholinesterase inhibitors nor memantine are effective in those with mild cognitive impairment (A). Cholinesterase inhibitors are not effective in frontotemporal dementia and may cause agitation (A), though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may help behavioural (but not cognitive) features (B). Cholinesterase inhibitors should be used for the treatment of people with Lewy body dementias (Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)), especially for neuropsychiatric symptoms (A). Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can produce cognitive improvements in DLB (A). There is no clear evidence that any intervention can prevent or delay the onset of dementia. Although the consensus statement focuses on medication, psychological interventions can be effective in addition to pharmacotherapy, both for cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. Many novel pharmacological approaches involving strategies to reduce amyloid and/or tau deposition are in progress. Although results of pivotal studies are awaited, results to date have been equivocal and no disease-modifying agents are either licensed or can be currently recommended for clinical use.
|
|
| 6. |
- Billstedt, Eva, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
A 37-year prospective study of neuroticism and extraversion in women followed from mid-life to late life.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 129:1, s. 35-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Personality traits are presumed to endure over time, but the literature regarding older age is sparse. Furthermore, interpretation may be hampered by the presence of dementia-related personality changes. The aim was to study stability in neuroticism and extraversion in a population sample of women who were followed from mid-life to late life. METHOD: A population-based sample of women born in 1918, 1922 or 1930 was examined with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 1968-1969. EPI was assessed after 37years in 2005-2006 (n=153). Data from an interim examination after 24years were analysed for the subsample born in 1918 and 1922 (n=75). Women who developed dementia at follow-up examinations were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS: Mean levels of neuroticism and extraversion were stable at both follow-ups. Rank-order and linear correlations between baseline and 37-year follow-up were moderate ranging between 0.49 and 0.69. Individual changes were observed, and only 25% of the variance in personality traits in 2005-2006 could be explained by traits in 1968-1969. CONCLUSION: Personality is stable at the population level, but there is significant individual variability. These changes could not be attributed to dementia. Research is needed to examine determinants of these changes, as well as their clinical implications.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brenner, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Akutpsykiatri
- 2011
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Akuta psykiatriska sjukdomstillstånd har uppmärksammats allt mer på senare år. Inte minst har vi insett vikten av att ställa rätt diagnos och att sätta in adekvat behandling tidigt. Vår ambition är att förmedla dagens kunskapsläge när det gäller omhändertagande av patienter med akuta psykiatriska sjukdomstillstånd. Akutpsykiatri kan därmed utgöra ett värdefullt komplement till lokala riktlinjer och behandlingstraditioner. Boken behandlar ingående de praktiska frågor som kan uppstå i den akuta situationen, alltifrån patientbemötande till konkreta behandlingsförslag. Områden som katastrofpsykiatri och mångkulturell psykiatri belyses utförligt. Akutpsykiatri är i första hand avsedd att användas av jourläkare inom specialistpsykiatrin och primärvården men är också användbar för alla som i sin verksamhet möter akut psykiskt sjuka. Boken är framtagen i samarbete mellan företrädare för Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset och Sahlgrenska Akademin, Göteborgs Universitet. Den förenar på så sätt en omfattande klinisk erfarenhet med senaste vetenskapliga rön inom akutpsykiatrin. Vår förhoppning är att kunna tillgodose det allt mer angelägna behovet av en gedigen och samtidigt lättanvänd akutpsykiatribok.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
