| 1. |
- Benavent, N., et al.
(författare)
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Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 15, s. 770-773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unlike bromine, the effect of iodine chemistry on the Arctic surface ozone budget is poorly constrained. We present ship-based measurements of halogen oxides in the high Arctic boundary layer from the sunlit period of March to October 2020 and show that iodine enhances springtime tropospheric ozone depletion. We find that chemical reactions between iodine and ozone are the second highest contributor to ozone loss over the study period, after ozone photolysis-initiated loss and ahead of bromine.
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| 2. |
- Pedersen, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Delivered, Therapist-Assisted Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease : Evidence-Base and Challenges
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Cardiology Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 1523-3782 .- 1534-3170. ; 25:6, s. 443-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of Review: This review focuses on the efficacy of internet-based psychological interventions for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and comorbid anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression comprise barriers for treatment adherence and are associated with poorer patient-reported and clinical outcomes, and greater health care costs.Recent Findings: Internet-based, therapist-assisted interventions targeting anxiety and depression can be as efficacious as face-to-face therapy and may have some advantages, as patients can do it from their own laptop/smartphone at home at a time of their convenience, which may facilitate a better integration in their lives.Summary: To enhance the field of internet-based therapy for patients with CVD, we need to involve patients in the development of interventions, focus on developing standards for adherence and assessment of fidelity, and assess and augment health literacy in patients to safeguard equality in health care.
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| 3. |
- Nøjgaard, J. K., et al.
(författare)
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A local marine source of atmospheric particles in the High Arctic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was characterized at the Villum Research Station (Villum) at Station Nord in North Greenland during spring-summer 2016 using a Time of Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM). The composition is dominated by sulfate (48%) and organic species (40%). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified three key factors corresponding to a primary hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), and two types of secondary organic aerosol: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and a marine organic aerosol (MOA). The HOA factor accounts for 5% of the organic aerosol mass, which is consistent with previous findings at Villum. The OOA factor accounts for 77% of the organic aerosol mass and correlates with accumulation mode particles, which supports previous findings indicating that oxidized organic aerosols are predominantly from long-range transport during winter and spring at Villum. The MOA factor was characterized by mass spectral fragments of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) from atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide, for which reason the MOA factor is considered to be of biogenic origin. MOA accounts for 18% of the organic aerosol mass and correlates with locally produced Aitken mode particles. This indicates that biogenic processes are not only a significant source of aerosols at Villum, but MOA also appears to be formed in the vicinity of the measurement site. This local geographical origin was confirmed through air mass back trajectory modelling and source-receptor analysis. During May, air masses frequently arrived from the east, with source regions for the MOA factor and therewith MSA located in the Barents Sea and Lincoln Sea with lesser contributions from the Greenland Sea. During June, air mass origin shifted to the west, with source regions for the MOA factor and MSA shifting correspondingly to Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. While shifting transport patterns between May and June lead to shifting source regions, sea ice likely played a role as well. During May, marginal ice zones were present in the Barents Sea between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, while during June, sea ice in the northern part of Baffin Bay retreated and sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago decreased. Although May and June experienced different transport patterns and sea ice conditions, levels of the MOA factor and MSA were similar between the months. This is likely due to similarities between marine biological activities in the Barents Sea and Baffin Bay. This research highlights the complex relationship between transport patterns, sea ice conditions, and atmospheric particle concentrations. Multiyear aerosol chemical composition from several High Arctic sites is encouraged to determine the full effects of ocean-atmosphere interactions and transport patterns on atmospheric aerosol concentrations.
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| 4. |
- Petäjä, Tuukka, et al.
(författare)
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Overview : Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) - concept and initial results
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:14, s. 8551-8592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project iCUPE - integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Weinreich, I. D., et al.
(författare)
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Scandiatransplant Exchange Program (STEP): Development and Results From an International Kidney Exchange Program
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transplantation Direct. - 2373-8731. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Kidney transplant candidates may be incompatible with their intended living donors because of the presence of antibodies against HLA and/or ABO. To increase the possibility of finding an acceptable kidney donor for these patients, the Scandiatransplant Exchange Program (STEP) program within Scandiatransplant was launched in 2019.Methods. This is a retrospective review of our experiences from the first 4 y of the STEP program, including details about the match runs, performed transplantations, and recipient outcomes within the program.Results. During 2019-2022, 11 match runs and 4 reruns were performed. In total, 114 pairs and 6 anonymous donors participated in these match runs. Fifty-one pairs (45%) participated in 1 match run, 31 pairs (27%) participated in 2 match runs, and 32 pairs (29%) participated in >= 3 match runs. Seventy-two individuals (63%) participated because of HLA incompatibility, 19 (17%) because of ABO incompatibility, and 7 (6%) because of both HLA and ABO incompatibility. Forty percent of the patients enrolled in the program underwent transplantation. In total, 49 transplantations have so far been performed within the program, and 46 (94%) of the recipients had a functioning kidney graft at follow-up in February 2023.Results. During 2019-2022, 11 match runs and 4 reruns were performed. In total, 114 pairs and 6 anonymous donors participated in these match runs. Fifty-one pairs (45%) participated in 1 match run, 31 pairs (27%) participated in 2 match runs, and 32 pairs (29%) participated in >= 3 match runs. Seventy-two individuals (63%) participated because of HLA incompatibility, 19 (17%) because of ABO incompatibility, and 7 (6%) because of both HLA and ABO incompatibility. Forty percent of the patients enrolled in the program underwent transplantation. In total, 49 transplantations have so far been performed within the program, and 46 (94%) of the recipients had a functioning kidney graft at follow-up in February 2023.Conclusions. The STEP program offers sensitized patients an enlarged pool of living donors and a chance of a compatible international living donor, resulting in an increased number of total transplantations. Currently, STEP is one of the largest transnational kidney exchange programs and has improved the situation for patients waiting for kidney transplantation in Scandiatransplant.
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| 7. |
- Brean, James, et al.
(författare)
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Collective geographical ecoregions and precursor sources driving Arctic new particle formation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 23:3, s. 2183-2198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic is a rapidly changing ecosystem, with complex ice–ocean–atmosphere feedbacks. An important process is new particle formation (NPF), from gas-phase precursors, which provides a climate forcing effect. NPF has been studied comprehensively at different sites in the Arctic, ranging from those in the High Arctic and those at Svalbard to those in the continental Arctic, but no harmonised analysis has been performed on all sites simultaneously, with no calculations of key NPF parameters available for some sites. Here, we analyse the formation and growth of new particles from six long-term ground-based stations in the Arctic (Alert, Villum, Tiksi, Zeppelin Mountain, Gruvebadet, and Utqiaġvik). Our analysis of particle formation and growth rates in addition to back-trajectory analysis shows a summertime maxima in the frequency of NPF and particle formation rate at all sites, although the mean frequency and particle formation rates themselves vary greatly between sites, with the highest at Svalbard and lowest in the High Arctic. The summertime growth rate, condensational sinks, and vapour source rates show a slight bias towards the southernmost sites, with vapour source rates varying by around an order of magnitude between the northernmost and southernmost sites. Air masses back-trajectories during NPF at these northernmost sites are associated with large areas of sea ice and snow, whereas events at Svalbard are associated with more sea ice and ocean regions. Events at the southernmost sites are associated with large areas of land and sea ice. These results emphasise how understanding the geographical variation in surface type across the Arctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources and providing a harmonised analysis of NPF across the Arctic.
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| 8. |
- Bredewold, Obbo W, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Risk Following Conversion to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kidney Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0595. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. Our objective was to compare the calculated CV risk between belatacept and CNI (predominantly tacrolimus) treatments using a validated model developed for KTRs.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, investigator-initiated, international multicenter trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: KTRs aged 18-80 years with a stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), 3-60 months after transplantation, treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A, were eligible for inclusion.INTERVENTION: Continuation with a CNI-based regimen or switch to belatacept for 12 months.OUTCOMES: Comparison of the change in the estimated 7-year risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality, changes in traditional markers of CV health, as well as measures of arterial stiffness.RESULTS: Among the 105 KTRs randomized, we found no differences between the treatment groups in the predicted risk for major adverse CV events or mortality. Diastolic blood pressure, measured both centrally by using a SphygmoCor device and peripherally, was lower after the belatacept treatment than after the CNI treatment. The mean changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including kidney transplant function, were otherwise similar in both the treatment groups. The belatacept group had 4 acute rejection episodes; 2 were severe rejections, of which 1 led to graft loss.LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneous baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and time from transplantation to trial enrollment in the participants. A limited study duration of 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: We found no effects on the calculated CV risk by switching to the belatacept treatment. Participants in the belatacept group had not only lower central and peripheral diastolic blood pressure but also a higher rejection rate.FUNDING: The trial has received a financial grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT no. 2013-001178-20.
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| 9. |
- Brönmark, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Ponds as experimental arenas for studying animal movement : current research and future prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Movement Ecology. - 2051-3933. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal movement is a multifaceted process that occurs for multiple reasons with powerful consequences for food web and ecosystem dynamics. New paradigms and technical innovations have recently pervaded the field, providing increasingly powerful means to deliver fine-scale movement data, attracting renewed interest. Specifically in the aquatic environment, tracking with acoustic telemetry now provides integral spatiotemporal information to follow individual movements in the wild. Yet, this technology also holds great promise for experimental studies, enhancing our ability to truly establish cause-and-effect relationships. Here, we argue that ponds with well-defined borders (i.e. “islands in a sea of land”) are particularly well suited for this purpose. To support our argument, we also discuss recent experiences from studies conducted in an innovative experimental infrastructure, composed of replicated ponds equipped with modern aquatic telemetry systems that allow for unparalleled insights into the movement patterns of individual animals.
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