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- Small, BJ, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of longitudinal changes in memory, visuospatial, and verbal functioning in very old demented adults
- 1998
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 9:5, s. 258-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal changes in memory, visuospatial and verbal functioning in a sample of demented persons were examined. The role of several demographic, psychometric, and biological indices in predicting the rate of cognitive deterioration was also investigated. The sample consisted of 31 very old (mean age at entry = 83.5 years, range = 75–95) persons with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 22) and vascular dementia (n = 9) from a community-based study. Subjects were tested on two occasions separated by approximately 2.5 years. Results indicated significant longitudinal decline in verbal fluency and visuospatial ability, but only on 1 of 3 measures of episodic memory. Results from regression analyses indicated that a variety of putatively important variables, including age, gender, education, digit span, as well as a number of biological (vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, TSH), dementia etiology, and psychometric (digit span) indicators, exhibited no relationship to rate of memory, visuospatial, or verbal decline. The results suggest that the rate of cognitive deterioration in dementia is highly variable, and this variability in change appears to include a variety of characteristics. A possible reason thereof may be that the role of individual-difference variables for cognitive functioning in dementia is overshadowed by the pathogenetic process itself.
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- Small, BJ, et al.
(författare)
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Time to death and cognitive performance
- 1999
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Ingår i: CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-7214 .- 1467-8721. ; 8:6, s. 168-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research suggests that there is an accelerated decline in cognitive functioning that is related to proximity to death among older adults. Although there is mounting evidence for the presence of such terminal deficits, several issues remain unresolved. These include whether the effects are more prevalent among young-old (65 75 years) than old-old (75+ years) adults, whether all cognitive abilities are equally affected by impending mortality, whether the presence of chronic illness or the specific cause of death modifies the magnitude of the observed deficits, and whether the source (or sources) of mortality-related cognitive deficits can be identified. The current review addresses each of these issues, and provides suggestions regarding avenues of future research.
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