| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2015
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Walsh, Benjamin S., et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of Climate Change on Fertility
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 34:3, s. 249-259
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising global temperatures are threatening biodiversity. Studies on the impact of temperature on natural populations usually use lethal or viability thresholds, termed the 'critical thermal limit' (CTL). However, this overlooks important sublethal impacts of temperature that could affect species' persistence. Here we discuss a critical but overlooked trait: fertility, which can deteriorate at temperatures less severe than an organism's lethal limit. We argue that studies examining the ecological and evolutionary impacts of climate change should consider the 'thermal fertility limit' (TFL) of species; we propose that a framework for the design of TFL studies across taxa be developed. Given the importance of fertility for population persistence, understanding how climate change affects TFLs is vital for the assessment of future biodiversity impacts.
|
|
| 5. |
- Porcelli, D., et al.
(författare)
-
The environmental genomics of metazoan thermal adaptation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 114:5, s. 502-514
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued and accelerating change in the thermal environment places an ever-greater priority on understanding how organisms are going to respond. The paradigm of 'move, adapt or die', regarding ways in which organisms can respond to environmental stressors, stimulates intense efforts to predict the future of biodiversity. Assuming that extinction is an unpalatable outcome, researchers have focussed attention on how organisms can shift in their distribution to stay in the same thermal conditions or can stay in the same place by adapting to a changing thermal environment. How likely these respective outcomes might be depends on the answer to a fundamental evolutionary question, namely what genetic changes underpin adaptation to the thermal environment. The increasing access to and decreasing costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, which can be applied to both model and non-model systems, provide a much-needed tool for understanding thermal adaptation. Here we consider broadly what is already known from non-NGS studies about thermal adaptation, then discuss the benefits and challenges of different NGS methodologies to add to this knowledge base. We then review published NGS genomics and transcriptomics studies of thermal adaptation to heat stress in metazoans and compare these results with previous non-NGS patterns. We conclude by summarising emerging patterns of genetic response and discussing future directions using these increasingly common techniques.
|
|
| 6. |
- Veltsos, Paris, et al.
(författare)
-
Mating system manipulation and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression in Drosophila
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex differences in dioecious animals are pervasive and result from gene expression differences. Elevated sexual selection has been predicted to increase the number and expression of male-biased genes, and experimentally imposing monogamy on Drosophila melanogaster has led to a relative feminisation of the transcriptome. Here, we test this hypothesis further by subjecting another polyandrous species, D. pseudoobscura, to 150 generations of experimental monogamy or elevated polyandry. We find that sex-biased genes do change in expression but, contrary to predictions, there is usually masculinisation of the transcriptome under monogamy, although this depends on tissue and sex. We also identify and describe gene expression changes following courtship experience. Courtship often influences gene expression, including patterns in sex-biased gene expression. Our results confirm that mating system manipulation disproportionately influences sex-biased gene expression but show that the direction of change is dynamic and unpredictable.
|
|
| 7. |
- Garlovsky, Martin D., et al.
(författare)
-
Persistent postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between populations
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 8:17, s. 9062-9073
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying reproductive barriers between populations of the same species is critical to understand how speciation may proceed. Growing evidence suggests postmating, prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers play an important role in the evolution of early taxonomic divergence. However, the contribution of PMPZ isolation to speciation is typically studied between species in which barriers that maintain isolation may not be those that contributed to reduced gene flow between populations. Moreover, in internally fertilizing animals, PMPZ isolation is related to male ejaculatefemale reproductive tract incompatibilities but few studies have examined how mating history of the sexes can affect the strength of PMPZ isolation and the extent to which PMPZ isolation is repeatable or restricted to particular interacting genotypes. We addressed these outstanding questions using multiple populations of Drosophila montana. We show a recurrent pattern of PMPZ isolation, with flies from one population exhibiting reproductive incompatibility in crosses with all three other populations, while those three populations were fully fertile with each other. Reproductive incompatibility is due to lack of fertilization and is asymmetrical, affecting female fitness more than males. There was no effect of male or female mating history on reproductive incompatibility, indicating that PMPZ isolation persists between populations. We found no evidence of variability in fertilization outcomes attributable to different femalexmale genotype interactions, and in combination with our other results, suggests that PMPZ isolation is not driven by idiosyncratic genotypexgenotype interactions. Our results show PMPZ isolation as a strong, consistent barrier to gene flow early during speciation and suggest several targets of selection known to affect ejaculate-female reproductive tract interactions within species that may cause this PMPZ isolation.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hill-Pearce, R. E., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of bilayer regions on the response of epitaxial graphene devices to environmental gating
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Carbon. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 93, s. 896-902
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of a bilayer area on the electronic response to environmental gating of a monolayer graphene Hall bar device is investigated using room temperature magnetotransport and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy measurements in a controlled environment. The device is tuned through the charge neutrality point with n-p-n-junctions formed. Scanning Kelvin probe measurements show that the work function of the monolayer graphene decreases more than that of the bilayer area however magnetotransport measurements show a larger change in carrier concentration for bilayer graphene with environmental gating. Interface scattering at the boundary between the monolayer and bilayer regions also affects device response with field-dependent suppression of the conductivity observed near the charge neutrality point. Simultaneous electronic and environmental scanning Kelvin probe measurements are used to build nano-scale maps of the work function of the device surface revealing the areas of greatest work function change with environmental gating. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karr, Timothy L., et al.
(författare)
-
The Old and the New : Discovery Proteomics Identifies Putative Novel Seminal Fluid Proteins in Drosophila
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 18:3, s. S23-S33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), the nonsperm component of male ejaculates produced by male accessory glands, are viewed as central mediators of reproductive fitness. SFPs effect both male and female post-mating functions and show molecular signatures of rapid adaptive evolution. Although Drosophila melanogaster is the dominant insect model for understanding SFP evolution, understanding of SFP evolutionary causes and consequences require additional comparative analyses of close and distantly related taxa. Although SFP identification was historically challenging, advances in label-free quantitative proteomics expands the scope of studying other systems to further advance the field. Focused studies of SFPs has so far overlooked the proteomes of male reproductive glands and their inherent complex protein networks for which there is little information on the overall signals of molecular evolution. Here we applied label-free quantitative proteomics to identify the accessory gland proteome and secretome in Drosophila pseudoobscura, a close relative of D. melanogaster, and use the dataset to identify both known and putative novel SFPs. Using this approach, we identified 163 putative SFPs, 32% of which overlapped with previously identified D. melanogaster SFPs and show that SFPs with known extracellular annotation evolve more rapidly than other proteins produced by or contained within the accessory gland. Our results will further the understanding of the evolution of SFPs and the underlying male accessory gland proteins that mediate reproductive fitness of the sexes.
|
|
| 10. |
- Poikela, Noora, et al.
(författare)
-
Strength of sexual and postmating prezygotic barriers varies between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 73:6, s. 1182-1199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of different reproductive barriers on species or population isolation may vary in different stages of speciation depending on evolutionary forces acting within species and through species' interactions. Genetic incompatibilities between interacting species are expected to reinforce prezygotic barriers in sympatric populations and lead to cascade reinforcement between conspecific populations living within and outside the areas of sympatry. We tested these predictions and studied whether and how the strength and target of reinforcement between Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana vary between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances. All barriers between D. montana females and D. flavomontana males were nearly complete, while in the reciprocal cross strong postzygotic isolation was accompanied by prezygotic barriers whose strength varied according to population composition. Sexual isolation between D. flavomontana females and D. montana males was increased in long-established sympatric populations, where D. flavomontana is abundant, while postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) barriers were stronger in populations where this species is a new invader and still rare and where female discrimination against heterospecific males was lower. Strengthening of sexual and PMPZ barriers in this cross also induced cascade reinforcement of respective barriers between D. flavomontana populations, which is a classic signature of reinforcement process.
|
|
