| 1. |
- Dallender et al, J, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of perceptions of British mental health nurses and psychiatrists of their work environment
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 29, s. 36-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comparative study of the perceptions of mental health nurses and psychiatrists about aspects of their work environment was undertaken in the West Midlands in England. The aim of the study was to ascertain the extent to which the environment in which mental health professionals' work impacts on their own mental and physical well-being. Seventy-four psychiatrists and 301 mental health nurses responded to a postal questionnaire. Analysis of data indicated that significant differences exist between nurses and psychiatrists in their working conditions, their physical working environment, their sources of support with a work-related problem, and the effects of their work on their own mental and physical health. The main recommendation derived from this study was to improve communication between mental health professionals and their managers by giving more structured feedback and guidance about one's work performance. This may help to alleviate the mental strain many mental health professionals experience in their work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Nolan, P, et al.
(författare)
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Violence in mental health care: The experience of mental nurses and psychiatrists
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 30, s. 934-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against mental health service personnel is a serious workplace problem and one that appears to be increasing. This study aimed to ascertain the extent and nature of violence against mental health nurses and psychiatrists, and to identify what support, if any, they received following exposure to violence. Mental health staff working within five West Midlands Trusts in the United Kingdom were surveyed using a postal questionnaire to investigate the extent and nature of violence they encountered in their daily work. There was an overall response rate of 47%, which included a response rate for psychiatrists of 60% (n=74) and for mental health nurses of 45% (n=301). Though both groups experienced violence at work, nurses were found: to have been exposed to violence significantly more during their career; to have been a victim of violence within the previous 12 months of the survey; and to have suffered a violent incident involving physical contact. Whilst a higher proportion of nurses than psychiatrists received some support following a violent incident, a large proportion of both groups did not receive any, although most felt in need of it. The implications of this study for training and management are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychoeducation for patients with bipolar affective disorder: An explorative study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 51:6, s. 439-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored the effects of an education package on outpatients with bipolar disorder. The primary goals were to determine whether the patients' knowledge of the illness would be improved after an educational intervention and whether education would lead to changes in such areas as attitudes to lithium and psychiatric well-being. We also examined whether changes would be maintained at follow-up. This study included 10 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The patients were given a six-session education package that covered the following areas: 1) demographics; 2) aetiology; 3) illness (course and symp toms); 4) treatment; 5) hospital procedures; and 6) coping (including problem-solving) with the illness and stress. Patients were assessed immediately before and after the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up. The measures used were The Bipolar Knowledge Questionnaire, The Lithium Attitudes Questionnaire, The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Hopelessness Scale, The General Health Questionnaire, and The Use of Inpatient Psychiatric Services. The results show significant improvements in knowledge about the illness, attitudes towards lithium, and self-esteem. These effects were maintained at follow-up. There were modest reductions in pessimism about the future and psychiatric morbidity. The utilization of inpatient psychiatric services decreased for three patients, whereas the other seven patients did not use the services at all. There were no significant correlations between any of the variables. The findings suggest that the educational intervention was beneficial for manic depressives. However, a larger control study needs to be performed to confirm these reliminary findings.
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| 5. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial factors, pain parameters, mental health and coping among Turkish and Swedish patients with musculoskeletal pain
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:4, s. 174-183-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to examine differences between 65 Turkish and 446 Swedish patients with musculoskeletal pain in terms of several sociodemographic, pain-related and psychosocial parameters (e.g. burnout, job strain). The design was cross-sectional. Data were collected by means of questionnaires in conjunction with the patients' visits to general practitioners or physiotherapists. Turkish patients, in comparison to Swedish patients, were more often widows or widowers, blue-collar workers and had lower educational levels. They were more often unemployed and more troubled by their financial and living situation, supported themselves more often via benefits, and had had longer sick-leave periods. Further, Turks rated their pain as being of longer duration and more intense, constant and complex. They were more often consumers of analgesics and sedatives, experienced treatments as less effective, and felt more disabled. Finally, Turks perceived higher demands and less control in their work environments, exhibited greater emotional distress and burnout, had lower self-esteem, and poorer ability to cope with pain. It was concluded that compared to Swedish patients, Turkish patients were exposed to a greater variety of psychosocial stressors, were more negatively affected by their pain conditions, had poorer mental health and less ability to cope with pain. These findings suggest that multidisciplinary team interventions are required in order to target multiple problematic areas of these patients' life situations.
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| 6. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The Experience of Musculoskeletal Pain: A Comparison between Immigrant and Swedish Patients
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 13:4, s. 254-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored differences regarding several psychosocial constructs (e.g. coping with pain) between immigrant (n = 140) and Swedish (n = 446) patients seeking treatment for pain at health and physiotherapy centres. A cross-sectional study design was used. The findings showed that, compared with Swedes, immigrants more often relied on benefits for their support and were more concerned with their financial situation. They also had longer periods of sick-leave. In addition, immigrants felt more disabled, reported more job strain and relied more on passive coping strategies for pain. Finally, they were more emotionally distressed, as they showed more symptoms of burnout, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress reactions, and lower self-confidence. Multivariate analyses performed separately for immigrant and Swedish patients showed differential patterns of associations between sociodemographic variables, financial strain, emotional distress, perceived disability, passive coping and job strain. We conclude that immigrant patients live under more strained psychosocial conditions and experience a deeper impact of pain than do their Swedish counterparts.
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| 7. |
- Thomsen, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of professional fulfilment and exhaustion in mental health personnel: The importance of organisational and individual factors
- 1999
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 68:3, s. 157-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mental health personnel are at high risk for mental illness, burnout and suicide. Previous studies of this group of professionals have indicated the importance of organisational factors in explaining burnout, or exhaustion, and work satisfaction. This study looks more systematically at the contribution of organisational and individual factors to work-related exhaustion and to professional fulfillment, an expanded version of job satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1, 051 psychiatrists and mental health nurses in the city of Stockholm was carried out by postal questionnaire with a previously validated instrument. Multiple and logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of exhaustion and professional fulfillment. RESULTS: Organisational characteristics were found to be more important than individual characteristics in predicting exhaustion and professional fulfillment in mental health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment and well-being of mental health professionals can be improved by concentrating on organisational factors such as efficiency, personal development and goal quality.
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| 8. |
- Thomsen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and organisational well-being in psychiatric nursing: A cross-cultural study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 30:3, s. 749-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although health care systems around the world are undergoing rapid changes, there is an absence of comparative studies of how these changes affect nurses’ well-being and work life. The purpose of this study was (i) to identify and describe possible differences between the psycho-social work environments of English and Swedish mental health nurses, and (ii) to attempt to explain these differences. 1016 psychiatric nurses from Stockholm (Sweden) and Birmingham (England) responded to a postal questionnaire on their psycho-social work environment and feelings of professional fulfilment, mental energy and work-related exhaustion. The study was given ethical clearance in Stockholm and Birmingham. Results indicated that while the English nurses rated their organizational well-being more favourably, Swedish psychiatric nurses reported greater individual well-being than their counterparts. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-esteem was important for explaining mental energy and work-related exhaustion, but less so for explaining professional fulfilment, which was predicted primarily by organizational factors. When controlling for self-esteem, which was higher amongst the Swedish nurses, the differences in professional fulfilment and mental health were no longer significant. Reasons for the differences in self-esteem and experiences of the workplace are discussed. Low response rate may have contributed to a selection bias.
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| 9. |
- Thomsen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of a healthy workplace for Swedish and English psychiatrists
- 1998
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 173, s. 80-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have attempted to analyse the organisational aspects of the workplace that may affect the well-being of psychiatrists and even fewer have offered insights into what a positive workplace might look like. This study provides an outline of such a workplace, with reference to individual and organisational factors. In addition, a comparison is made between two European cities to check for cultural differences.MethodThree hundred and eighty psychiatrists from Stockholm and Birmingham responded to a previously tested questionnaire on their work environment.ResultsPredictors of a positive workplace for psychiatrists were: high self-esteem, satisfactory support with work-related problems, lower perceived workload, positive view of leadership, low work-related exhaustion and having a sense of participation in the organisation. There were few cultural differences.ConclusionsMeasures should be taken to improve leadership skills for managers, to offer more support for work-related problems, and to allow psychiatrists to participate more in the organisation.
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| 10. |
- Öhman, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Unconsciously originated expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of experimental psychology. General. - 0096-3445 .- 1939-2222. ; 127:1, s. 69-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of conscious awareness in human Pavlovian conditioning was examined in 2 experiments using masked fear-relevant (snakes and spiders; Experiments 1 and 2) and fear-irrelevant (flowers and mushrooms; Experiment 1) pictures as conditioned stimuli, a mild electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus, and skin conductance responses as the primary dependent variable. The conditioned stimuli were presented briefly (30 ms) and were effectively masked by an immediately following masking stimulus. Experiment 1 demonstrated nonconscious conditioning to fear-relevant but not to fear-irrelevant stimuli. Even though the participants could not recognize the stimuli in Experiment 2, they differentiated between masked stimuli predicting and not predicting shocks in expectancy ratings. However, expectancy ratings were not related to the conditioned autonomic response.
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