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| 2. |
- Cutts, F T, et al.
(författare)
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Child and Maternal Mortality during a Period of Conflict in Beira City, Mozambique
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 25:2, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Child mortality rates have been declining in most developing countries. We studied child and maternal mortality and risk factors for child mortality in Beira city in July 1993, after a decade of conflict in Mozambique. Methods A community-based cluster sample survey of 4609 women of childbearing age was conducted. Indirect techniques were used to estimate child mortality (‘children ever born’ method and Preceding Birth Techniques [PBT]), and maternal mortality sisterhood method). Deaths among the most recent born child, born since July 1990, were classified as cases (n = 106), and two controls, matched by age and cluster, were selected per case. Results Indirect estimates of the probability of dying from birth to age 5 (deaths before age 5 years, 5q0 per 1000) decreased from 246 in 1977/8 to 212 in 1988/9. The PBT estimate for 1990/91 was 154 (95% confidence interval(CI): 124–184), but recent deaths may have been underreported. Lack of beds in the household (odds ratio[OR] = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.8), absence of the father (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.8), low paternal educational level (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8–5.4), young maternal age (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–3.7), self-reported maternal illness (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9), and home delivery of the child (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.5) were associated with increased mortality, but the sensitivity of risk factors was low. Estimated maternal mortality was 410/100 000 live births with a reference date of 1982. Conclusions Child mortality decreased slowly over the 1980s in Beira despite poor living conditions caused by the indirect effects of the war. Coverage of health services increased over this period. The appropriateness of a risk approach to maternal-child-health care needs further evaluation.
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- Dallender et al, J, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of perceptions of British mental health nurses and psychiatrists of their work environment
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 29, s. 36-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comparative study of the perceptions of mental health nurses and psychiatrists about aspects of their work environment was undertaken in the West Midlands in England. The aim of the study was to ascertain the extent to which the environment in which mental health professionals' work impacts on their own mental and physical well-being. Seventy-four psychiatrists and 301 mental health nurses responded to a postal questionnaire. Analysis of data indicated that significant differences exist between nurses and psychiatrists in their working conditions, their physical working environment, their sources of support with a work-related problem, and the effects of their work on their own mental and physical health. The main recommendation derived from this study was to improve communication between mental health professionals and their managers by giving more structured feedback and guidance about one's work performance. This may help to alleviate the mental strain many mental health professionals experience in their work.
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- Nolan, P, et al.
(författare)
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Violence in mental health care: The experience of mental nurses and psychiatrists
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 30, s. 934-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against mental health service personnel is a serious workplace problem and one that appears to be increasing. This study aimed to ascertain the extent and nature of violence against mental health nurses and psychiatrists, and to identify what support, if any, they received following exposure to violence. Mental health staff working within five West Midlands Trusts in the United Kingdom were surveyed using a postal questionnaire to investigate the extent and nature of violence they encountered in their daily work. There was an overall response rate of 47%, which included a response rate for psychiatrists of 60% (n=74) and for mental health nurses of 45% (n=301). Though both groups experienced violence at work, nurses were found: to have been exposed to violence significantly more during their career; to have been a victim of violence within the previous 12 months of the survey; and to have suffered a violent incident involving physical contact. Whilst a higher proportion of nurses than psychiatrists received some support following a violent incident, a large proportion of both groups did not receive any, although most felt in need of it. The implications of this study for training and management are discussed.
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- Thomsen, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Feelings of professional fulfilment and exhaustion in mental health personnel: The importance of organisational and individual factors
- 1999
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 68:3, s. 157-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mental health personnel are at high risk for mental illness, burnout and suicide. Previous studies of this group of professionals have indicated the importance of organisational factors in explaining burnout, or exhaustion, and work satisfaction. This study looks more systematically at the contribution of organisational and individual factors to work-related exhaustion and to professional fulfillment, an expanded version of job satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1, 051 psychiatrists and mental health nurses in the city of Stockholm was carried out by postal questionnaire with a previously validated instrument. Multiple and logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of exhaustion and professional fulfillment. RESULTS: Organisational characteristics were found to be more important than individual characteristics in predicting exhaustion and professional fulfillment in mental health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment and well-being of mental health professionals can be improved by concentrating on organisational factors such as efficiency, personal development and goal quality.
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| 9. |
- Thomsen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and organizational well-being in psychiatric nursing: a cross-cultural study
- 1999
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. ; 30:3
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although health care systems around the world are undergoing rapid changes, there is an absence of comparative studies of how these changes affect nurses' well-being and work life. The purpose of this study was (i) to identify and describe possible diffe
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| 10. |
- Thomsen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of a healthy workplace for Swedish and English psychiatrists
- 1998
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 173, s. 80-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have attempted to analyse the organisational aspects of the workplace that may affect the well-being of psychiatrists and even fewer have offered insights into what a positive workplace might look like. This study provides an outline of such a workplace, with reference to individual and organisational factors. In addition, a comparison is made between two European cities to check for cultural differences.MethodThree hundred and eighty psychiatrists from Stockholm and Birmingham responded to a previously tested questionnaire on their work environment.ResultsPredictors of a positive workplace for psychiatrists were: high self-esteem, satisfactory support with work-related problems, lower perceived workload, positive view of leadership, low work-related exhaustion and having a sense of participation in the organisation. There were few cultural differences.ConclusionsMeasures should be taken to improve leadership skills for managers, to offer more support for work-related problems, and to allow psychiatrists to participate more in the organisation.
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