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| 2. |
- Tsegaye, T., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of three mutually orthogonal polarization states of entangled photons
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 85:24, s. 5013-5017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linearly polarized classical light can be expressed in a vertical and a horizontal component. Geometrically rotating vertically polarized light by 90 degrees will convert it to the orthogonal horizontal polarization. We have experimentally generated a two-photon state of light which evolves into an orthogonal state upon geometrical rotation by 60 degrees. Rotating this state by an additional 60 degrees will yield a state which is mutually orthogonal to the first two states. Generalizing this procedure, one can generate N + 1 mutually orthogonal N-photon states that cyclicly evolve from one to another upon a geometric rotation by 180/(N + 1) degrees.
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| 3. |
- Bjordal, K, et al.
(författare)
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A 12 country field study of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) and the head and neck cancer specific module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) in head and neck patients
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 1879-0852. ; 36:14, s. 1796-1807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tests the reliability and validity of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) head and neck cancer module (QLQ-H&N35) and version 3.0 of the EORTC Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) in 622 head and neck cancer patients from 12 countries. The patients completed the QLQ-C30, the QLQ-H&N35 and a debriefing questionnaire before antineoplastic treatment or at a follow-up. 232 patients receiving treatment completed a second questionnaire after treatment. Compliance was high and the questionnaire was well accepted by the patients. Multitrait scaling analysis confirmed the proposed scale structure of the QLQ-H&N35. The QLQ-H&N35 was responsive to differences between disease status, site and patients with different Karnofsky performance status, and to changes over time. The new physical functioning scale (with a four-point response format) of version 3.0 of the QLQ-C30 was shown to be more reliable than previous versions. Thus, the QLQ-H&N35, in conjunction with the QLQ-C30, appears to be reliable, valid and applicable to broad multicultural samples of head and neck cancer patients.
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| 4. |
- Emami, N., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of light power density variations on bulk curing properties of dental composites
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 31:3, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The hypothesis that low light intensity and long but sufficient curing time can produce composites with volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion (DC%) and Young's modulus (E-modulus) comparable to those of high light intensity cured composite was tested, when the contraction strain and heat generation were lower with Low Light intensity curing. Methods. Dental composites (Z100 and Z250, 3M ESPE) were investigated. Specimens were cured with Light intensities of 200, 450 and 800 mW/cm(2) for 140, 60 and 35 s from a distance of 7 mm. Strain-gages were used for contraction strain measurements. DC% was measured at the top and the bottom of 4 mm thick samples using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water displacement method. E-modulus was determined in tension on composite specimens. Results. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests and regular t-test. Polymerization stress Level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when cured with 200 mW/cm(2) rather than with 800 mW/cm(2). Temperature rises were significantly different (p < 0.05) for different composites and light intensity values. Reduction in light intensity did not decrease the DC% values significantly at the top surfaces. The most dramatic differences existed between top and bottom surfaces (p < 0.05) rather than among curing groups. Measured E-modulus and volumetric shrinkage values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between different light intensity groups. Conclusion. DC%, E-modulus and the volumetric shrinkage values in cured composites were not affected by low Light intensity, however, the contraction strain and polymerization's exotherm were decreased. Thus our results support the proposed hypothesis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Nevanen, T. K., et al.
(författare)
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Efficient enantioselective separation of drug enantiomers by immobilised antibody fragments
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 925:02-jan, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing need for methods for efficient enantioselective separation and purification of chiral drugs. Genetic engineering provides the means for generating recombinant antibodies exhibiting extremely high specificity for even small molecular mass compounds. Here, recombinant antibody fragments have been generated for the drug diarylalkyltriazole that contains two chiral centres. Immobilised antibody fragments has been used successfully for efficient, step-wise separation of two enantiomers of the drug. Owing to the antibody specificity, one enantiomer came out in the flow-through, while the bound enantiomer could be specifically eluted. One of the antibodies tolerated solvents required both for dissolving the target molecules and for their elution for extended times and was shown to function over multiple cycles of the separation process.
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