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- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Romanovski, V. , I, et al.
(författare)
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Features of Cu - Ni nanoparticle synthesis : Experiment and computer simulation
- 2020
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF CLUSTERS NANOSTRUCTURES AND NANOMATERIALS. - : Tver State University. - 2226-4442 .- 2658-4360. ; :12, s. 293-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combination of experiment and computer simulation made it possible to study the features of the process of Cu -Ni nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoparticles are synthesized by the method of exothermic combustion in solutions. The X-ray phase analysis of the obtained materials showed that all samples are pure bimetallic nanopowders with a distorted cubic crystal structure of each metal. The Monte-Carlo method in the temperature range from 300 to 600 K established regularities of the neck formation for two cases of the initial location of copper and nickel nanoparticles: direct contact and relative displacement by 0,2 nm. The possibility of close integration of crystal structures as a Cu and Ni nanoparticles interaction result is shown.
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- Franke, A., et al.
(författare)
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Status and trends of circumpolar peregrine falcon and gyrfalcon populations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:3, s. 762-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) are top avian predators of Arctic ecosystems. Although existing monitoring efforts are well established for both species, collaboration of activities among Arctic scientists actively involved in research of large falcons in the Nearctic and Palearctic has been poorly coordinated. Here we provide the first overview of Arctic falcon monitoring sites, present trends for long-term occupancy and productivity, and summarize information describing abundance, distribution, phenology, and health of the two species. We summarize data for 24 falcon monitoring sites across the Arctic, and identify gaps in coverage for eastern Russia, the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, and East Greenland. Our results indicate that peregrine falcon and gyrfalcon populations are generally stable, and assuming that these patterns hold beyond the temporal and spatial extents of the monitoring sites, it is reasonable to suggest that breeding populations at broader scales are similarly stable. We have highlighted several challenges that preclude direct comparisons of Focal Ecosystem Components (FEC) attributes among monitoring sites, and we acknowledge that methodological problems cannot be corrected retrospectively, but could be accounted for in future monitoring. Despite these drawbacks, ample opportunity exists to establish a coordinated monitoring program for Arctic-nesting raptor species that supports CBMP goals.
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- Gupta, Rahul, et al.
(författare)
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Probing into emission mechanisms of GRB 190530A using time-resolved spectra and polarization studies : synchrotron origin?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 511:2, s. 1694-1713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multipulsed GRB 190530A, detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi, is the sixth most fluent GBM burst detected so far. This paper presents the timing, spectral, and polarimetric analysis of the prompt emission observed using AstroSat and Fermi to provide insight into the prompt emission radiation mechanisms. The time-integrated spectrum shows conclusive proof of two breaks due to peak energy and a second lower energy break. Time-integrated (55.43 +/- 21.30 per cent) as well as time-resolved polarization measurements, made by the Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI) onboard AstroSat, show a hint of high degree of polarization. The presence of a hint of high degree of polarization and the values of low energy spectral index (alpha(pt)) do not run over the synchrotron limit for the first two pulses, supporting the synchrotron origin in an ordered magnetic field. However, during the third pulse, alpha(pt) exceeds the synchrotron line of death in few bins, and a thermal signature along with the synchrotron component in the time-resolved spectra is observed. Furthermore, we also report the earliest optical observations constraining afterglow polarization using the MASTER (P < 1.3 per cent) and the redshift measurement (z = 0.9386) obtained with the 10.4 m GTC (Gran Telescopio Canarias) telescopes. The broad-band afterglow can be described with a forward shock model for an ISM (interstellar medium)-like medium with a wide jet opening angle. We determine a circumburst density of n(0) similar to 7.41, kinetic energy E-K similar to 7.24 x 10(54) erg, and radiated gamma-ray energy E-gamma,E-iso similar to 6.05 x 10(54) erg.
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- Namiot, Eugenia D., et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticles in Clinical Trials : Analysis of Clinical Trials, FDA Approvals and Use for COVID-19 Vaccines
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 24:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles are heterologous small composites that are usually between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. They are applied in many areas of medicine with one of them being drug delivery. Nanoparticles have a number of advantages as drug carriers which include reduced toxic effects, increased bioavailability, and their ability to be modified for specific tissues or cells. Due to the exciting development of nanotechnology concomitant with advances in biotechnology and medicine, the number of clinical trials devoted to nanoparticles for drug delivery is growing rapidly. Some nanoparticles, lipid-based types, in particular, played a crucial role in the developing and manufacturing of the two COVID-19 vaccines-Pfizer and Moderna-that are now being widely used. In this analysis, we provide a quantitative survey of clinical trials using nanoparticles during the period from 2002 to 2021 as well as the recent FDA-approved drugs (since 2016). A total of 486 clinical trials were identified using the clinicaltrials.gov database. The prevailing types of nanoparticles were liposomes (44%) and protein-based formulations (26%) during this period. The most commonly investigated content of the nanoparticles were paclitaxel (23%), metals (11%), doxorubicin (9%), bupivacaine and various vaccines (both were 8%). Among the FDA-approved nanoparticle drugs, polymeric (29%), liposomal (22%) and lipid-based (21%) drugs were the most common. In this analysis, we also discuss the differential development of the diverse groups of nanoparticles and their content, as well as the underlying factors behind the trends.
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- Namiot, Eugenia D., et al.
(författare)
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The international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP) : data integrity and the trends in clinical trials, diseases, and drugs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing new therapies. Databases like ClinicalTrials.gov provide access to trial information, mainly covering the US and Europe. In 2006, WHO introduced the global ICTRP, aggregating data from ClinicalTrials.gov and 17 other national registers, making it the largest clinical trial platform by June 2019. This study conducts a comprehensive global analysis of the ICTRP database and provides framework for large-scale data analysis, data preparation, curation, and filtering.Materials and methods: The trends in 689,793 records from the ICTRP database (covering trials registered from 1990 to 2020) were analyzed. Records were adjusted for duplicates and mapping of agents to drug classes was performed. Several databases, including DrugBank, MESH, and the NIH Drug Information Portal were used to investigate trends in agent classes.Results: Our novel approach unveiled that 0.5% of the trials we identified were hidden duplicates, primarily originating from the EUCTR database, which accounted for 82.9% of these duplicates. However, the overall number of hidden duplicates within the ICTRP seems to be decreasing. In total, 689 793 trials (478 345 interventional) were registered in the ICTRP between 1990 and 2020, surpassing the count of trials in ClinicalTrials.gov (362 500 trials by the end of 2020). We identified 4 865 unique agents in trials with DrugBank, whereas 2 633 agents were identified with NIH Drug Information Portal data. After the ClinicalTrials.gov, EUCTR had the most trials in the ICTRP, followed by CTRI, IRCT, CHiCTR, and ISRCTN. CHiCTR displayed a significant surge in trial registration around 2015, while CTRI experienced rapid growth starting in 2016.Conclusion: This study highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of using the ICTRP as a data source for analyzing trends in clinical trials, and emphasizes the value of utilizing multiple registries for a comprehensive analysis.
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