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- Kermaniha, M., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic optimization of phosphorous diffusion for solar cell application
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0957-4522 .- 1573-482X. ; 27:12, s. 13086-13092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fossil fuel storage is running low and scientists around the globe are involved in a big search for an optimized substitute. Photovoltaic is one of the most likely alternatives to solve this issue and replace the fossil fuels. Among all types of cells, silicon solar cells are the most economical ones to produce affordable energy. In this paper, a systematic study was done on the diffusion of phosphorous in multi-crystalline silicon during solar cell emitter formation. All parameters involved in the conversion of a multi-crystalline p-type silicon to a p-n junction were analyzed quantitatively. This systematic approach predicts the effect of inputs on the outputs which decreases the number of the trail runs. The analysis result indicate, that raising the diffusion temperature from 830 to 880 A degrees C decreases the sheet resistance by -100 Omega/sq, and increasing POCl3 flow from 300 to 500 SCCM has an effect of -21 Omega/sq.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ebrahimi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Optimization of Boron Diffusion for Solar Cell Emitters
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer. - 0361-5235 .- 1543-186X. ; 46:7, s. 4236-4241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve p-n junctions for n-type solar cells, we have studied BBr3 diffusion in an open tube furnace, varying parameters of the BBr3 diffusion process such as temperature, gas flows, and duration of individual process steps, i.e., predeposition and drive-in. Then, output parameters such as carrier lifetime, sheet resistance, and diffusion profile were measured and statistically analyzed to optimize the emitter characteristics. Statistical analysis (factorial design) was finally employed to systematically explore the effects of the set of input variables on the outputs. The effect of the interactions between inputs was also evaluated for each output, quantified using a two-level factorial method. Temperature and BBr3 flow were found to have the most significant effect on different outputs such as carrier lifetime, junction depth, sheet resistance, and final surface concentration.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Esmaeili Kelishomi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mobile User Indoor-Outdoor Detection Through Physical Daily Activities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automatic, fast, and accurate switching method between Global Positioning System and indoor positioning systems is crucial to achieve current user positioning, which is essential information for a variety of services installed on smart devices, e.g., location-based services (LBS), healthcare monitoring components, and seamless indoor/outdoor navigation and localization (SNAL). In this study, we proposed an approach to accurately detect the indoor/outdoor environment according to six different daily activities of users including walk, skip, jog, stay, climbing stairs up and down. We select a number of features for each activity and then apply ensemble learning methods such as Random Forest, and AdaBoost to classify the environment types. Extensive model evaluations and feature analysis indicate that the system can achieve a high detection rate with good adaptation for environment recognition. Empirical evaluation of the proposed method has been verified on the HASC-2016 public dataset, and results show 99% accuracy to detect environment types. The proposed method relies only on the daily life activities data and does not need any external facilities such as the signal cell tower or Wi-Fi access points. This implies the applicability of the proposed method for the upper layer applications.
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