| 1. |
- Axelsson, H E, et al.
(författare)
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, vanilloid 2 and melastatin 8 immunoreactive nerve fibers in human skin from individuals with and without Norrbottnian congenital insensitivity to pain.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7544 .- 0306-4522. ; 162, s. 1322-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) and melastatin 8 (TRPM8) are thermosensitive cation channels expressed on primary sensory neurons. In contrast to TRPV1, which is present on nociceptive primary afferents and keratinocytes in human skin, less is known about the distribution of TRPV2 and TRPM8 in this tissue. Immunohistochemistry of human forearm skin identified TRPV2 and TRPM8 immunoreactive nerve fibers in epidermis-papillary dermis and around blood vessels and hair follicles in dermis, although these nerve fibers were less abundant than TRPV1 immunoreactive nerve fibers throughout the skin. The TRPV2 and TRPM8 immunoreactive nerve fibers also showed immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and to a lesser extent substance P (SP). Neither of the TRP ion channels co-localized with neurofilament 200 kDa (NF200), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Nerve fibers immunoreactive for TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPM8, CGRP and SP were absent or substantially reduced in number in individuals with Norrbottnian congenital insensitivity to pain, an autosomal disease selectively affecting the development of C-fiber and Adelta-fiber primary afferents. Quantitative real time PCR detected mRNA transcripts encoding TRPV1 and TRPV2, but not TRPM8, in skin from healthy volunteers, suggesting that these ion channels are also expressed extraneuronally. In conclusion, nerve fibers in human skin express TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPM8 that co-localize with the sensory neuropeptides CGRP and SP, but not with NF200, VIP or TH. A dramatic loss of such nerve fibers was seen in skin from individuals with Norrbottnian congenital insensitivity to pain, further suggesting that these ion channels are expressed primarily on nociceptive primary sensory neurons in human skin.
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| 2. |
- Baranska-Rybak, W, et al.
(författare)
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Glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2091 .- 0305-7453. ; 57:2, s. 260-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides is influenced by various factors such as salt content, pH and the presence of proteins. In this study, we explored the antibacterial action of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in physiologically relevant conditions, i.e. various human wound fluids, human plasma fractions and serum. Methods: Radial diffusion assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed for the study of antibacterial effects of LL-37 in the presence of 12 different wound fluids, citrate-, heparin- or EDTA-plasma, or human serum. Glycosaminoglycan content of wound fluids was determined by an Alcian Blue-binding assay. Protein content of wound fluids was measured by the Bradford method. A slot-binding assay was used to study the effects of inhibitors on the interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans. Results: Five of twelve wound fluids derived from acute wounds showed marked inhibitory effects on the antibacterial action of LL-37. The inhibition was significantly correlated with high glycosaminoglycan content in wound fluid. Analogous to these findings, heparin-plasma strongly inhibited the antibacterial effect of LL-37. The interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans was abrogated by the cationic polymers DEAE-dextran and chitosan, yielding increased activity of LL-37. Conclusions: Glycosaminoglycan-rich biological fluids inhibit the antibacterial effects of LL-37. Furthermore, polycations that bind to glycosaminoglycans increase the antibacterial activities of endogenous antimicrobial peptides in glycosaminoglycan-containing biological fluids.
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| 3. |
- Malm, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The pentraxin serum amyloid P component is found in the male genital tract and attached to spermatozoa
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 31, s. 508-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum amyloid P component (SAP) belongs to the pentraxin family of proteins, members of which are characterized by radial pentameric structure and calcium-dependent ligand binding. SAP is present in all types of amyloidosis and has been shown to bind to several ligands, but the physiological function of this protein has not been fully elucidated. The present study identified and characterized SAP in human semen and immunolocalized it to the male reproductive tract. SAP was also detected in seminal plasma by immunoblotting and purification by affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. According to electroimmunoassay, the concentration of SAP in semen is approximately 2 mg/L, and flow cytometry revealed SAP attached to the surface of spermatozoa. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of spermatozoa, subsets of epithelial cells, and the stroma of accessory male genital glands and testis. Presence of mRNA supports local production of SAP, as shown with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified SAP in a new setting - the human male reproductive system. SAP was detected on ejaculated spermatozoa, in seminal plasma and in tissue sections from the male reproductive tract. Further functional studies are needed to explain the role of SAP in human reproduction.
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| 4. |
- Pikwer, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Inadvertent Arterial Catheterisation Associated with Central Venous Access Procedures.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2165 .- 1078-5884. ; 38, s. 707-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the clinical management of inadvertent arterial catheterisation after attempted central venous catheterisation. METHODS: Patients referred for surgical or endovascular management for inadvertent arterial catheterisation during a 5-year period were identified from an endovascular database, providing prospective information on techniques and outcome. The corresponding patient records and radiographic reports were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Eleven inadvertent arterial (four common carotid, six subclavian and one femoral) catheterisations had been carried out in 10 patients. Risk factors were obesity (n=2), short neck (n=1) and emergency procedure (n=4). All central venous access procedures but one had been made using external landmark techniques. The techniques used were stent-graft placement (n=6), percutaneous suture device (n=2), external compression after angiography (n=1), balloon occlusion and open repair (n=1) and open repair after failure of percutaneous suture device (n=1). There were no procedure-related complications within a median follow-up period of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: Inadvertent arterial catheterisation during central venous cannulation is associated with obesity, emergency puncture and lack of ultrasonic guidance and should be suspected on retrograde/pulsatile catheter flow or local haematoma. If arterial catheterisation is recognised, the catheter should be left in place and the patient be referred for percutaneous/endovascular or surgical management.
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| 5. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for protein adsorption studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 54, s. 236-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work was performed with the aim of comparing protein adsorption results obtained from the recently developed dual polarization interferometry (DPI) with the well-established surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Both techniques use an evanescent field as the sensing element but completely different methods to calculate the adsorbed mass. As a test system we used adsorption of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) on C18 surfaces. The adsorbed amount calculated with both techniques is in good agreement, with both adsorption isotherms saturating at 1.30–1.35 mg/m2 at TLL concentrations of 1000nM and above. Therefore, this supports the use of both SPR and DPI as tools for studying protein adsorption, which is very important when comparing adsorption data obtained from the use different techniques. Due to the spot sensing in SPR, this technique is recommended for initial kinetic studies, whereas DPI is more accurate when the refractive index and thickness of the adsorbed layer is of more interest.
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| 6. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces measured with dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and confocal microscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 61:2, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption and activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) was measured with dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and confocal microscopy at a hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface. In the adsorption isotherms, it was evident that TLL both had higher affinity for the hydrophobic surface and adsorbed to a higher adsorbed amount (1.90 mg/m(2)) compared to the hydrophilic surface (1.40-1.50 mg/m(2)). The thickness of the adsorbed layer was constant (similar to 3.5 nm) on both surfaces at an adsorbed amount > 1.0 mg/m(2), but decreased on the hydrophilic surface at lower surface coverage, which might be explained by partially unfolding of the TLL structure. However, a linear dependence of the refractive index of the adsorbed layer on adsorbed amount of TLL on C18 surfaces indicated that the structure of TLL was similar at low and high surface coverage. The activity of adsorbed TLL was measured towards carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) in solution, which upon lipase activity formed a fluorescent product. The surface fluorescence intensity increase was measured in a confocal microscope as a function of time after lipase adsorption. It was evident that TLL was more active on the hydrophilic surface, which suggested that a larger fraction of adsorbed TLL molecules were oriented with the active site facing the solution compared to the hydrophobic surface. Moreover, most of the activity remained when the TLL surface coverage decreased. Earlier reports on TLL surface mobility on the same surfaces have found that the lateral diffusion was highest on hydrophilic surfaces and at low surface coverage of TLL. Hence, a high lateral mobility might lead to a longer exposure time of the active site towards solution, thereby increasing the activity against a water-soluble substrate.
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| 7. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and mobility of a lipase at a hydrophobic surface in the presence of surfactants
- 2006
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 22:13, s. 5810-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of being able to manipulate the processes involved in interfacial catalysis, we have studied the effects of a mixture of nonionic/anionic surfactants, C12E6/LAS (1: 2 mol %), on the adsorption and surface mobility of a lipase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ellipsometry were used to analyze the competitive adsorption process between surfactants and TLL onto hydrophobic model surfaces intended to mimic an oily substrate for the lipase. We obtained the surface diffusion coefficient of a fluorescently labeled TLL variant on silica silanized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) on a confocal laser scanning microscope. By means of ellipsometry we calibrated the fluorescence intensity with the surface density of the lipase. The TLL diffusion was measured at different surface densities of the enzyme and at two time intervals after coadsorption with different concentrations of C12E6/LAS. The surfactant concentrations were chosen to represent concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), in the CMC region, and above the CMC. The apparent TLL surface diffusion was extrapolated to infinite surface dilution, D-0. We found that the presence of surfactants strongly modulated the surface mobility of TLL: with D-0 = 0.8 x 10(-11) cm(2)/s without surfactants and D-0 = 13.1 x 10(-11) cm(2)/s with surfactants above the CMC. The increase in lipase mobility on passing the CMC was also accompanied by a 2- fold increase in the mobile fraction of TLL. SPR analysis revealed that surface bound TLL was displaced by C12E6/LAS in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the observed increase in surface mobility imparts bulk-mediated diffusion and so-called rebinding of TLL to the surface. Our combined results on lipase/surfactant competitive adsorption and lipase surface mobility show how surfactants may play an important role in regulating interfacial catalysis from physiological digestion to technical applications such as detergency.
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| 8. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Antifungal activity of C3a and C3a-derived peptides against Candida
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2736 .- 1879-2642. ; 1768:2, s. 346-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial peptides are generated during activation of the complement system [Nordahl et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101:16879-16884]. Here we show that the anaphylatoxin C3a exerts antimicrobial effects against the yeast Candida. Fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that C3a-derived peptides bound to the cell surface of Candida, and induced membrane perturbations and release of extracellular material. Various Candida isolates were found to induce complement degradation, leading to generation of C3a. Arginine residues were found to be critical for the antifungal and membrane breaking activity of a C3a-derived antimicrobial peptide, CNY21 (C3a; Cys57–Arg77). A CNY21 variant with increased positive net charge displayed enhanced antifungal activity. Thus, C3a-derived peptides can be utilized as templates in the development of peptide-based antifungal therapies.
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| 9. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, 1978-
(författare)
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Dynamics of Enzymes at Interfaces : Lipase adsorption and mobility on solid surfaces
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aimed to give more insight in the dynamics of enzymes at interfaces. The adsorption and mobility of adsorbed proteins can e.g. give a better understanding of structure-function properties of interfacially active enzymes. Studied enzyme was the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL). Adsorption of TLL to surfaces of different hydrophobicity was studied by Dual Polarization Interferometry (DPI), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and ellipsometry. It was found that TLL had highest affinity and adsorbed to largest adsorbed amount on a hydrophobic, C18 terminated surface. Moreover, activity studies of adsorbed TLL suggested that a larger fraction of the lipases were orientated with the active site facing the surface on hydrophobic surfaces. Mobility of adsorbed enzymes was studied by means of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). CLSM was also used as a tool to image the role of TLL in the detergency of lipids from single cotton fibers. The TLL surface mobility was measured on model surfaces of different hydrophobicity. The rate of TLL surface diffusion was strongly dependent on the surface density of lipase, which was explained by sterical hindrance and intermolecular repulsion. The diffusion was both lowest and decreased as a function of time after adsorption on the most hydrophobic surface. This was thought to be due to a larger fraction of adsorbed TLL oriented with the active site towards the hydrophobic surface and that this fraction increased as a function of time. The presence of surfactants affected the TLL mobility on hydrophobic surfaces. The diffusion increased more than tenfold when TLL was coadsorbed with C12E6/LAS above the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of the surfactant. This was thought to be due to a surfactant induced desorption-rebinding mechanism of TLL. Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) supported this theory and was implemented as a technique to quantify kinetic processes of protein-surfactant interactions at surfaces. The surface mobility of TLL was higher on a trimyristin substrate surface compared to the model hydrophobic surface. Single particle tracing of lipases could be performed by conjugation of TLL to Quantum Dots (QDs). The microscopic behavior of QD-lipases on trimyristin suggested that the enzyme operated in two different modes on the surface, which gave the trajectories of single lipase molecules a “bead on a string” appearance.
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| 10. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging the detergency of single cotton fibers with confocal microscopy: the effect of surfactants and lipases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Surfactants and Detergents (JSD). - : Wiley. - 1097-3958 .- 1558-9293. ; 10:4, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detergency mechanisms of lipids from single cotton fibers were visualized by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fibers were soiled with different types of lipids: olive oil, lard and tri-C10, and subsequently stained with the fluorescent probe Nile Red. A surfactant composition of 300 μM C12E6/LAS (1:2 mol%) was used to mimic the surfactants used in a common washing solution. It was evident from the captured image series that the different kinds of soiling were removed by different mechanisms by the surfactants, depending on the fluidity of the lipid. Roll-up was the main mechanism when removing olive oil, whereas emulsification (necking) and/or solubilization were observed in the removal of lard and tri-C10. Only 20–25% of the olive oil remained after treatment with surfactants, which was much less compared to the solid fats where roughly 50% remained at end of treatment. The effect of adding lipases to the detergent formulation was clearly seen, both by an apparently higher rate of removal of olive oil but also using double injection when removing lard. A first injection of only surfactants removed a certain part of the lard as emulsion droplets stuck onto the fiber. A second injection of both lipases and surfactants was able to remove some of the preformed emulsion particles and reduce the overall remaining lard content on the cotton fiber.
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