| 1. |
- Mc Gowan, BM, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic mapping of orexigenic action and Fos-like immunoreactivity following relaxin-3 administration in male Wistar rats.
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 292, s. 913-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The insulin superfamily, characterized by common disulphide bonds, includes not only insulin but also insulin-like peptides such as relaxin-1 and relaxin-3. The actions of relaxin-3 are largely unknown, but recent work suggests a role in regulation of food intake. Relaxin-3 mRNA is highly expressed in the nucleus incertus, which has extensive projections to the hypothalamus, and relaxin immunoreactivity is present in several hypothalamic nuclei. In the rat, relaxin-3 binds and activates both relaxin family peptide receptor 1, which also binds relaxin-1, and a previously orphaned G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP3. These receptors are extensively expressed in the hypothalamus. The aims of these studies were twofold: 1) map the hypothalamic site(s) of the orexigenic action of relaxin-3 and 2) examine the site(s) of neuronal activation following central relaxin-3 administration. After microinjection into hypothalamic sites, human relaxin-3 (H3; 180 pmol) significantly stimulated 0- to 1-h food intake in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and the anterior preoptic area (APOA) [SON 0.4 ± 0.2 (vehicle) vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 g (H3), P < 0.001; ARC 0.7 ± 0.3 (vehicle) vs. 2.7 ± 0.2 g (H3), P < 0.05; and APOA 0.8 ± 0.1 (vehicle) vs. 2.2 ± 0.2 g (H3), P < 0.05]. Cumulative food intake was significantly increased 8 h following administration into the SON and 4 h into the APOA. A significant increase in Fos-like immunoreactivity was seen in the SON following central relaxin-3 administration. Relaxin-3 stimulates feeding in several hypothalamic nuclei, and these studies provide additional support for relaxin-3 as an important peptide in appetite regulation.
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| 2. |
- Rauma, Jussi, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin cell density in the gastrointestinal tracts of animal models of human diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - : Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histologia. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 21:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin cell density in the gastrointestinaltract of animal models of human diabetes type 1 and 2was investigated. The animals used were non-obesediabetic (NOD) mice and obese diabetic mice. Ghrelincells were detected by immunohistochemistry andquantified by computerized image analysis. Ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all animalsstudied. They were abundant in the oxyntic mucosa,patchy and few in the duodenum and rare in the colon.The density of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells decreasedin diabetic, pre-diabetic NOD mice and in obese diabeticmice as compared to controls, though not statisticallysignificant. It was concluded that the reduced density ofghrelin-immunoreactive cells in animal models ofhuman diabetes type 1 and 2 might explain the slowgastric emptying and slow intestinal transit found indiabetes gastroenteropathy.
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| 3. |
- Rejler, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Improved population-based care: : Implementing patient- and demand-directed care for inflammatory bowel disease and evaluating the redesign with a population-based registry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 16:1, s. 38-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastroenterology unit at the Höglands Hospital in Eksjö is responsible for the care of all 466 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a geographic area including approximately 115,000 inhabitants. In 2000, the frustration over an inadequate traditional outpatient clinic inspired us to redesign our outpatient unit to become more patient and demand directed. The redesign included the following: A direct telephone line for patients to a specialized nurse, available during working hours; appointments were scheduled in accordance with expected needs, and emergency appointments were available daily; traditional follow-ups of IBD patients were replaced by an annual telephone contact with a specialized nurse; the team agreed on a patient-centered value base for its work, and the redesign was monitored using clinical outcome measures reflecting 4 dimensions (see parentheses below) of the care in a Value compass; quality of life (functional) and routine blood samples (clinical) were followed yearly and collected in a computerized IBD registry together with basic information about the patients; access and waiting lists together with patient satisfaction (satisfaction) are followed regularly; and ward utilization (financial) was registered. Our study shows that the new design offers a more efficient outpatient clinic in which waiting lists are markedly reduced although production rates remains the same. Utilization data show a significant decrease in comparison with national data, showing that the new care is economically favorable. The clinical results regarding anemia frequency in the IBD population are highly comparable with or even better than those found in the literature. We also show good results regarding quality of life where more than 88% of patients achieve set goals. In conclusion, our new patient- and demand-directed care seems to be more efficient and with clinical and quality-of-life results remaining on a high standard.
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| 4. |
- Shibre, Teshome, et al.
(författare)
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Traditional treatment of mental disorders in rural Ethiopia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ethiopian Medical Journal. - 0014-1755. ; 46:1, s. 87-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are known to be as prevalent in Ethiopia as in other countries. Only 26 psychiatrists are working in the country with close to 80 million inhabitants. To this should be added clinics run by psychiatric nurses in most of the general hospitals. This means that still most of the mentally ill in the country are trected and cared for in a traditional way.OBJECTIVES: This paper presents the situation regarding traditional treatment of mental illness in a rural area in central Ethiopia, Butajira, with a population of about 350,000 persons, predominantly Muslim.METHODS: All traditional healers in Butajira area were mapped by asking key informants. Twenty-four healers were so identified and interviewed about their perception of mental illness and the treatment they offer. Clients from the healers and patients from the local health centre were interviewed about their opinions on the service given.FINDINGS: A majority of both clients and patients were satisfied with the consultation, but the clients of the healers were more satisfied than the patients in health centres.CONCLUSION: As most persons with mental disorders are treated by traditional healers in rural Ethiopia and in most other developing countries it is important to do more comprehensive studies on the traditional treatment and to find ways of collaboration between traditional practice and modern medicine.
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